Cord and paracord, safety cord and polyamide rope, nylon cord - how to distinguish and is it necessary?
First, let's understand the concepts.
Fal (from vallen - to fall, to lower)- tackle designed for raising and lowering sails (mainsail, staysail and others), individual parts of the spars (for example, yards, topmasts, gaffs), flags, pennants, etc.
The halyards used on ships and ships are running rigging. Depending on the purpose, the halyards receive an additional name, for example, dirik halyard, jib halyard, staysail halyard, signal halyard, anchor halyard, etc.
A water ski halyard is a floating cable made of synthetic fibers, equipped with a handle at one end and attached at the other end to a pylon on a boat. Used to tow water skiers. It is similarly used in hydrofoil, wakesurf, wakeskate and wakeboard.
A safety cable is often called a halyard (for example, a cable for attaching a parachute exhaust device to an aircraft, an astronaut to a spacecraft during a spacewalk).
A towing rope is a cable used in the air towing of gliders, which connects the glider and the towing aircraft. Also called a halyard in automotive practice - a tow rope.
Cord is an auxiliary static rope with a diameter of 3-8 mm. This rope has a core and a braided sheath. The number of strands in the sheath may vary and this affects the elasticity and strength of the rope. It is used in mountaineering, rock climbing and speleology exclusively for auxiliary functions.
The cord is used as an auxiliary rope for solving various problems in mountain and water trips, as well as in camping. Synthetic (kapron, polypropylene or combined) cord is designed for knitting grasping knots.
Attention! The cord is not designed for dynamic load changes and is not intended for belaying as a main rope.
Parachute cord- a lightweight rope cable made of nylon (aka polyamide, aka kapron), originally used in parachute lines. The shell (braid) of the paracord is woven from many intertwined threads, due to which it is quite elastic.
From the foregoing, we conclude that a synthetic (, ) rope (nylon cord) is a rope that, depending on the task and diameter, can be called differently: Cord, Safety cord, Nylon halyard, Paracord, Rope rope, towing rope, etc. .d.
(cords, halyards) are widely used in industrial mountaineering, construction, speleology, rock climbing, sports, and tourism. Also, a nylon cord (polyamide rope, polypropylene halyard) is used to provide auxiliary functions, pulling up, pulling out, securing loads, for attaching tools to a flexible suspension system or climbing platform, for mounting and dismantling various structures and products, stretching awnings, fixing banners, for setting up tents, as a leader cable for pulling electric cables and communication lines, tying submersible pumps and other auxiliary purposes.
Conventionally, cord, cord and paracord are a rope with a diameter of 3-8 mm made of synthetic materials, which has a core and an outer sheath. But depending on the materials used, which affect breaking loads, softness and other properties are called differently.
Cord
The cord has everyday household use. Made from inexpensive materials. For example, " " is made of polyester (core) and polypropylene (braid). It is inexpensive (up to 10 rubles per meter), but at the same time it has good breaking performance - 300 kgf. One of the most popular uses for 4mm Hostex cord is for banners.
Repsnur
The concept of "repsnur" is most often used in climbing circles.
Cord is a static rope with a diameter of 4-8 mm of round cross section with a protective sheath. It is used in mountaineering, rock climbing and speleology exclusively for auxiliary functions - for grasping knots (eg Prusik, Bachmann knot, Austrian grasping knot) and for auxiliary purposes.
A nylon rope with a diameter of 3-8 mm is usually used, which, depending on the brand and year of production, have different strengths, from 250 kgf for 4 mm rope to 1200 kgf for 7 mm and 1550 kgf for 8 mm rope. For example, the Tendon taper has a breaking load of 340kgf.
Cords with a thickness of 7-8 mm are used for knitting loops, improvised lower and upper harnesses and other auxiliary purposes.
Cords with a thickness of 5-7 mm are best suited for knitting self-tightening knots.
Cords with a thickness of 3-6 mm are used for the manufacture of climbing ladders, tying various loads and tools to a flexible suspension system or a climbing platform.
Important: You need to know that the cord is not designed for dynamic jerk.
Paracord
We got to the most interesting. If everything is clear about the cord / cord, then “paracord” in Russia is used in speech simply as a buzzword that is increasingly being heard. As practice has shown, 90% of customers asking us “Do you have paracord?” mean the usual cord of domestic production.
The name Paracord is short for Parachute Cord - parachute cord. The name first appeared during World War II, when the paratroopers of the US Army needed a light and durable cord for parachute cables.
Landing on the battlefields, the soldiers cut off the feet of their parachutes and used them in the future. So, gradually, the paracord was overgrown with a great variety of uses: it helped in the construction of shelters, repairs, and much more.
Over time, for lack of analogues, paracord became popular all over the world and today is used as a common multifunctional rope by both military and civilians.
It was even used by astronauts (as a multi-purpose tether during the STS-82 mission of the second flight of the Shuttle to repair the Hubble telescope)
WHAT IS PARACORD MADE FROM?
Paracord is a lightweight nylon cord with a core woven from multiple nylon strands. It can be divided into two parts: the "sheath" - the outer covering, consisting of a large number of intertwined fibers and the so-called "offal" - the inner cable, woven from several single cords, each of which in turn consists of many intertwined threads.
TYPES OF PARACORD:
Paracord is divided into 2 types: MILITARY AND CIVIL.
MILITARY paracord is called Mil-Spec Paracord, or MIL-C-5040 Type III (Military Specification) - a mil-spec that meets military specifications.
It is made by only a few companies in the US and is mostly used for government needs - for example, for equipping army units, law enforcement agencies, etc.
The production of military paracord is under the control of the US Department of Defense and is certified by the US Department of Defense Industrial Supply Center. All military paracord meets quality standards and undergoes regular laboratory testing and a series of field tests.
- CIVIL paracord is called civilian or commercial - civil or commercial.
As the popularity of paracord grew, so did the demand - many people wanted to have a similar "indestructible rope".
The US government, responding to the demand for paracord, allowed it to be released to civilians, creating the so-called "commercial" version.
It is produced by many companies around the world. Commercial paracord has a 550 lb (249+ kg) breaking strength and almost identical characteristics, just like military paracord, but has a rougher texture and a slightly larger diameter.
It is slightly thicker due to the fact that during its production the quality standards of the army sample are not always applied. In all other respects, the difference is almost minimal.
This is related to one feature of the marking. For the cord, the main indicator that is indicated in the name is the diameter (Cord 3mm, Cord 4mm, etc.) For paracord, the main indicator is strength, therefore Paracord 550 is indicated in the name, usually corresponds to a diameter of 4mm.
The range of applications of paracord in everyday life is extremely wide - it can be used to make lanyards for knives, bracelets, both decorative and intended for use as a NAP (wearable emergency supply), watch straps, key rings, zippers, buttons, for braiding various items (lighters, lanterns, knife handles, tools)
Nike used paracord in their Special Field Air Force
Paracord products can even serve as a self-defense weapon (for example, a monkey's fist).
The nylon sheath is often used alone without a core when thinner or less elastic cable is needed. The ends of the cable are almost always melted and crimped so that it does not unravel. The same application will be found for the core.
The core (in the US Army it is called "offal") can be removed when a thinner thread is needed, for example, for repairing clothes or as a fishing line for catching fish in case there is none in an emergency.
Unlike cord, paracord is softer, more elastic and pleasant to the touch. It is very easy to weave from it.
Summing up, we can say that paracord is not quite suitable for mountaineering and is expensive for a cord for household needs. But it is very relevant for survivalists and as a material for functional accessories. Being in nature, giving, hunting, fishing, etc. it's nice to know that in case of emergency you have 5-10 meters of rope.
And speleology solely to perform auxiliary functions - for knitting loops with grasping knots (for example, prusik, Bachmann knot, Austrian grasping knot), making climbing stairs, etc.
A nylon rope with a diameter of 3-8 mm is usually used, which, depending on the brand and year of production, have different strengths, from 230 kgf for a 4 mm rope to 1200 kgf for a 7 mm and 1550 kgf for an 8 mm rope (data from 1983) . Kevlar ropes are stronger, but they are more slippery and stiff and inconvenient for grasping knots. Ropes with a particularly slippery sheath (fluorine plastics, polyethylene, etc.) are also not used, even if they correspond to the standard in strength, as well as twisted ropes without a sheath.
- Cords with a thickness of 7-8 mm are used for knitting loops, improvised lower and upper harnesses and for other auxiliary purposes.
- Cords with a thickness of 5-7 mm are best suited for knitting self-tightening knots.
- Cords with a thickness of 3-6 mm are used for the manufacture of climbing ladders, tying various loads and tools to a flexible suspension system or a climbing platform.
Important: You need to know that the cord is not designed for dynamic jerk.
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An excerpt characterizing Repshnur
After all that Napoleon had said to him, after these outbursts of anger, and after the last dry words:
“Je ne vous retiens plus, general, vous recevrez ma lettre”, Balashev was sure that Napoleon would not only no longer want to see him, but would try not to see him - the insulted ambassador and, most importantly, a witness to his obscene ardor. But, to his surprise, Balashev, through Duroc, received that day an invitation to the emperor's table.
At dinner were Bessières, Caulaincourt and Berthier. Napoleon met Balashev with a cheerful and affectionate look. Not only was there no expression of shyness in him or reproach to himself for his morning outburst, but, on the contrary, he tried to encourage Balashev. It was evident that for a long time already for Napoleon there had been no possibility of error in his conviction, and that in his concept everything that he did was good, not because it converged with the idea of \u200b\u200bwhat is good and bad, but because he did this is.
The emperor was very cheerful after his horseback ride through Vilna, in which crowds of people enthusiastically met and saw him off. In all the windows of the streets along which he passed, carpets, banners, his monograms were displayed, and Polish ladies, greeting him, waved their handkerchiefs at him.
At dinner, having seated Balashev next to him, he treated him not only affectionately, but treated him as if he considered Balashev among his courtiers, among those people who sympathized with his plans and should have rejoiced at his successes. Among other things, he started talking about Moscow and began to ask Balashev about the Russian capital, not only as an inquisitive traveler asks about a new place he intends to visit, but as if with the conviction that Balashev, as a Russian, should be flattered by this curiosity.
Cords are auxiliary ropes. They are thinner than the main ropes we use for belaying. Their diameter is from 2 to 8 mm, strength from 100 kg to two tons, depending on the diameter. It is necessary to choose the diameters of the cords, based on each specific task.
Use of cords
Cords are used in a number of cases:
- As auxiliary segments for knitting grasping knots and organizing rescue work.
Like blocking when organizing stations.
For pulling off the main rope after the rappel.
Insure something valuable: a hammer or extractor to a gazebo, a tee block to a carabiner, etc.
Like shoe laces, tent braces and other "clothes lines" for the base camp.
The strength requirements for cords depend on the application. The highest demands are placed on cords for organizing insurance, but strength is also important in the rest.
Cords from supermarkets are not suitable for use in the mountains. Usually they are made of polypropylene, and this material loses significantly to polyamide, from which mountaineering cords are made - both in strength, and in wear resistance, and in UV resistance.
Varieties of cords
Cord, like a regular rope, consists of a core and braid - with the exception of the thinnest ones. Basically, cords are distinguished by their diameter and the materials from which they are made.
For "power" purposes (where the loads withstand by the cords are important), cords from 5 to 8 mm are used. Most high-strength cords are made from polyamide, both core and sheath. Sometimes there are exotic options, with special properties. Examples:
- Aramid (Kevlar) core, polyamide braid;
dyneema core, polyamide braid;
100% dyneema - both core and braid;
Rap Line cord from Edelrid;
cord with several braided Kevlar threads for more efficient operation of grasping knots;
cord with reflective braided thread;
Touch cord from Tendon.
All of these options are most often created to perform one specific task. Thus, dyneema or aramid materials in the core give an increase in strength for the same weight and smaller diameter. But unlike polyamide, they are superstatic, that is, they do not stretch at all. This is in some cases a plus, in others - rather a disadvantage.
Cords for organizing stations
When organizing a station, the strength of the cord for blocking should not be lower than 1 ton. Therefore, classic polyamide cords can only be used if their diameter is at least 7 mm.
Modern manufacturers, in addition to classic polyamide cords, make many other auxiliary ropes that are more cunning and interesting in design. They allow you to win both in the weight of the equipment and in ease of use.
The most common option is a cord with different braid and core materials. The core is made of high-strength material, such as Kevlar and Dyneema, and is protected from above by a wear-resistant polyamide casing. It turns out a very strong cord: with a diameter of 5-6 mm, it will hold about one and a half times more than a classic polyamide cord (in some cases, up to 1800 kg). As a result, the weight of the equipment is reduced and the range of its use is increased.
Due to their static nature, such cords lose much more strength in knots: up to 50%, while polyamide cords only up to 30%.
Cords for grasping knots
For grasping knots, the requirements are slightly different. How well the gripping knot on the rope will work depends primarily on the ratio of the diameters of the cord and the main rope. The optimal ratio is approximately 10:7, that is, for a main rope with a diameter of 10 mm, cords with a diameter of 7 mm will work well. For thinner ropes, thinner cords are suitable. For thicker ropes of 11-12 mm, which are often used in rescue work, you need to take a thicker cord - 8 mm in diameter, and sometimes thicker.
The quality of the gripping knot also depends on what material the braid is made of. The less slippery the material, the better the line will grip when slipping or moving over the railing. Therefore, there are options for cords with the addition of aramid and kevlar to the braid itself. For example, Edelrid's Rap Line braid contains aramid and Kevlar - this makes it non-slip, it is convenient to work with the rope when you hold it in your hands, and at the same time the gripping knots work well with minimal loads.
The Tendon line has a touch cord. It is distinguished by a special "shaggy" thread in the braid (which is felt to the touch, and therefore Touch) and softness for a better grip.
Ropes for pulling rappels
Not the most popular technique, somewhat a thing of the past with the advent of thin dynamic ropes. At the moment, half and twin ropes with a diameter of 6.9-7.9 mm often win in terms of weight and convenience. However, for adepts of using a single main rope and a thin one for pulling, a thin, strong and extremely rigid cord is needed. An excellent option would be a 4-7mm cord with a dyneema core and a polyamide or polyester braid.
Universal and special cords
A number of cords can be used for different tasks. For example, the same Rap Line cord from Edelrid can be called universal. Its core and braid construction are made using the same technologies as dynamic ropes. It turns out that this cord with a diameter of 6 mm passes a number of tests, according to which dynamic ropes of the Twin class are tested, and is, on the one hand, a thin dynamic rope, and on the other, a good efficient cord for auxiliary needs. This is a universal product that can be used for organizing stations, for rescue work, and in other conditions.
Some manufacturers find new solutions and get ropes with unique properties. For example, a cord with a reflective thread. Its characteristics are fully consistent with standard auxiliary ropes, but at the same time it has the additional option of visibility in the dark. It is convenient to work with him by the light of a flashlight - in difficult conditions this quality is often indispensable. By the way, guy lines for tents from such a cord with a diameter of 2-3 mm are the very thing.