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The newfangled phenomenon of Nikola Tesla's resonant transformer has emerged recently, and the Internet is filled with photographs and intriguing videos of lightning and coronal discharges.

Recall that the transformer was originally intended not for demonstration performances, but for transmitting radio signals over long distances. In this regard, I propose to get acquainted with its principle of operation and find practical application for it.

The Tesla transformer consists of two main circuits, primary and secondary, see fig. 1a.

1. The primary circuit, as generating oscillations of a certain frequency, consists of a high-voltage power source, a storage capacitor C1, a spark gap and a coupling coil L1. When the spark gap is conducting, the LC cells are connected in series to form a circuit of a certain frequency.

2. The secondary circuit is a series oscillatory circuit, which consists of a resonant inductor L2, an open capacitance C formed by ground and a sphere, see fig. 1a.

The oscillation frequencies of both circuits are determined by their structural parameters and must match. The output voltage of the Tesla transformer is in the tens of thousands of volts due to the increased number of turns in the secondary circuit. The secondary circuit of the Tesla resonant transformer is an open oscillatory circuit, which was discovered earlier by J.K. Maxwell.

Let us turn to the classical theory of the principle of operation of an open oscillatory circuit

As you know, the oscillatory circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor. Let us examine the simplest oscillatory circuit, the coil of which consists of one turn, and the capacitor consists of two adjacent metal plates. Let's apply an alternating voltage from the generator to the break in the inductance of circuit 1, see Fig. 2a. An alternating current will flow in the coil and create a magnetic field around the conductor. This can be confirmed by a magnetic indicator in the form of a coil loaded with a light bulb. In order to get an open oscillatory circuit, let's push the capacitor plates apart. We observe that the magnetic field indicator lamp continues to burn. For a better understanding of what is happening in this experiment, see Fig. 2a. A conduction current flows through the loop of circuit 1, which creates a magnetic field H around itself, and between the plates of the capacitor - the so-called displacement current equal to it. Although there is no conduction current between the plates of a capacitor, experience shows that the displacement current creates the same magnetic field as the conduction current. The first person to guess this was the great English physicist J.K. Maxwell.

In the 60s of the 18th century, while formulating a system of equations for describing electromagnetic phenomena, J.K. Maxwell was faced with the fact that the equation for the DC magnetic field and the equation for the conservation of electric charges of alternating fields (the continuity equation) are incompatible. To eliminate the contradiction, Maxwell, without any experimental data, postulated that the magnetic field is generated not only by the movement of charges, but also by a change in the electric field, just as the electric field is generated not only by charges, but also by a change in the magnetic field. The value where the electric induction, which he added to the conduction current density, Maxwell called displacement current. Electromagnetic induction has a magnetoelectric analogue, and the field equations have acquired a remarkable symmetry. So, one of the most fundamental laws of nature was speculatively discovered, the consequence of which is the existence of electromagnetic waves.

If so, let's make sure once again what happens when a closed oscillatory circuit turns into an open one and how can an electric E-field be detected? To do this, next to the oscillatory circuit, we place an indicator of the electric field, this is a vibrator, in the gap of which an incandescent lamp is included, it is not yet lit. We gradually open the circuit, and we observe that the electric field indicator lamp lights up, fig. 2b. The electric field is no longer concentrated between the plates of the capacitor, its lines of force go from one plate to another through open space. Thus, we have experimental confirmation of J.K. Maxwell's statement that a capacitive radiator generates an electromagnetic wave. Nikola Tesla drew attention to this fact, that with the help of very small emitters it is possible to create a fairly effective device for emitting an electromagnetic wave. This is how the N. Tesla resonant transformer was born. Let's check this fact, for which we will again consider the purpose of the parts of the transformer.

And so, the geometric dimensions of the sphere and the technical data of the inductor determine the frequency of the series resonance, which must coincide with the generation frequency of the arrester.

Only the series resonance mode allows the Tesla transformer to reach such voltage values ​​that a coronal discharge and even lightning appears on the surface of the sphere.

Consider the operation of the Tesla transformer as a series oscillatory circuit:

This circuit must be considered as a normal LC element, fig. 1a.b, as well as fig. 2a, where the inductance L, the open capacitor C and the resistance of the medium Rav are connected in series. The phase shift angle in the series oscillatory circuit between voltage and current is zero (?=0) if XL = -Xc, i.e. changes in current and voltage in it occur in phase. This phenomenon is called voltage resonance (series resonance). It should be noted that as the frequency decreases from resonance, the current in the circuit decreases, and the current resonance has a capacitive character. With further detuning of the circuit and a decrease in current by 0.707, its phase shifts by 45 degrees. When the circuit is detuned up in frequency, it becomes inductive. This phenomenon is often used in phase inverters.

Consider the scheme of a series oscillatory circuit shown in fig. 3, where the quality factor of the circuit Q can be in the range of 20-50 and much higher.

Here, the bandwidth is determined by the quality factor of the circuit:

Then the voltage on the emitter plates will look according to the following formula:

U2 = Q * U1

The voltage U2 according to the calculations is 2600V, which is confirmed by the practical operation of the Tesla transformer. In table 1, the calculated data are given for a frequency of 7.0 MHz not by chance, this makes it possible for any shortwave operator who wants to conduct an amateur radio experiment on the air. Here, the input voltage U1 is conditionally taken as 100 Volts, and the quality factor as 26.

Table 1

This statement is acceptable in cases where there is no change in the frequency or load resistance of this circuit. In the N. Tesla transformer, both factors are constant by definition.

The bandwidth of the Tesla transformer depends on the load, i.e., the higher the connection of the open capacitor C (sphere-ground) with the medium, the more the circuit is loaded, the wider its bandwidth. This is due to the increase in bias current. The same happens with an oscillatory circuit loaded with an active load. Thus, the size of the sphere of the transformer determines its capacitance C and, accordingly, dictates not only the bandwidth, but also the radiation resistance, which ideally should be equal to the resistance of the medium. Here you need to understand that an excessive increase in the bandwidth due to an increase in the volume of emitters will lead to a decrease in the quality factor and, accordingly, will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the resonant transformer as a whole.

Consider the capacitive element of the Tesla transformer as a two-pole element of communication with the medium:

It is quite fair to call a Tesla capacitive transformer a Tesla dipole, because "dipole" means di(s) twice + polos pole, which is exclusively applicable to two-pole designs, which is the Nikola Tesla resonant transformer with a capacitive two-pole load (sphere + earth).

In the dipole under consideration, the capacitance of the emitter is the only element of communication with the medium. Antenna emitter, these are two electrodes embedded in the medium, see Fig. 4. and when a voltage potential appears on them, it is automatically applied to the medium, causing a certain potential –Q and +Q in it. If this voltage is variable, then the potentials change their sign to the opposite with the same frequency, and a bias current appears in the medium. Since the applied voltage and current are in-phase by definition of a series oscillatory circuit, the electromagnetic field in the medium undergoes the same changes.

Recall that in the Hertz dipole, where the voltage is first applied to a long conductor, then for a wave in the near zone it is characteristic that E=1, and H?1. This is due to the fact that there are reactive LC elements in this conductor, which cause a delay in the phase of the field H, since. antenna canvas is commensurate with?.

In the Tesla dipole, where ХL = −Хс (there is no reactive component), a radiating element with a length of up to 0.05? is not resonant and represents only a capacitive load. With a thick and short radiator, its inductance is practically absent, it is compensated by a lumped inductance. Here, the voltage is applied immediately to the medium, where the field E and the field H simultaneously arise. It is characteristic for the Tesla dipole wave that E=H=1, i.e. the wave in the medium is formed initially. Here we identify the voltage in the circuit with the electric component of the field E (unit V / m), and the displacement current with the magnetic component of the field H (unit A / m), only the Tesla dipole radiates the in-phase field E and the field H.

Let's try to consider this statement again in a slightly different plane:

Suppose we have a voltage applied to the plates (there is no reactive component, it is compensated), which are loaded on the active resistance of the medium Rav, as on a section of an electrical circuit (Fig. 4).

Question: Is there a current in the medium (in the circuit) at this particular moment in time?

Answer: Yes, the more voltage is applied to the active resistance of the medium, the greater the bias current in the same period of time, and this does not contradict J.K. Maxwell's law and, if you like, Ohm's law for a circuit section. Therefore, an in-phase change in the magnitude of voltage and current in a series circuit in the mode of series resonance quite rightly generates the in-phase fields E and H in the medium, see Fig. 4b.

Summing up, we can say that a capacitive emitter creates powerful and concentrated electromagnetic radiation around itself. The Tesla dipole has the feature of energy accumulation, which is typical only for a series LC circuit, where the total output voltage significantly exceeds the input, which is clearly seen from the results of the table. This property has long been practiced in industrial radio devices to increase the voltage in devices with high input impedance.

Thus, we can conclude the following:

The Tesla dipole is a high-quality series oscillatory circuit, where the sphere is an open element that communicates with the environment. The inductance L is only a closed element and a resonant voltage transformer that does not participate in radiation.

Having carefully studied the goals of building a resonant transformer of Nikola Tesla, you involuntarily come to the conclusion that it was intended to transmit energy over a distance, but the experiment was interrupted, and descendants are left to guess about the true purpose of this miracle of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is no coincidence that Nikola Tesla left the following saying in his notes: “Let the future judge and evaluate each according to his work and achievements. The present belongs to them, the future for which I work belongs to me.

Quick reference: The electromagnetic wave was discovered by Maxwell in the 60s of the 18th century using a capacitive radiator. At the turn of the 20th century, N. Tesla proved the possibility of transmitting energy at a distance using capacitive emitters of a resonant transformer.

G. Hertz, continuing experiments with the electromagnetic field and relying on Maxwell's theory in 1888, proved that the electromagnetic field radiated by a capacitive radiator is equal to the field radiated by an electric vibrator.

At present, the Hertz dipole and the magnetic frame of K. Brown, discovered in 1916, are widely used in practice, and the capacitive emitter is undeservedly forgotten. Respecting the merits of Maxwell and Tesla, the author of this article, in memory of them, conducted laboratory experiments with a capacitive antenna and decided to make them public. The experiments were carried out at a frequency of 7 MHz at home and showed good results.

SO! Numerous experiments have shown that the resonant elements of any circuit can be changed within different limits, and as you do with them, so they will behave. Interestingly, if you reduce the radiating capacitance of an open circuit, then in order to obtain resonance, you have to increase the inductance. At the same time, streamers (from the English Streamer) appear on the edges of the emitter and other irregularities. Streamer is a dimly visible air ionization (ion glow) created by a dipole field. This is the Tesla resonant transformer, as we are used to seeing it on the Internet.

It is possible to increase the capacitance and, in the voltage resonance mode, achieve the maximum return of a balanced electromagnetic field and use Tesla's invention as a dipole for transmitting energy over distances, i.e. like a capacitive antenna. And yet, Tesla was right when he abandoned the metal core inside the step-up coil, because he introduced losses in the place where the electromagnetic wave originated. Nevertheless, the results of the experiments led to the only correct condition, when the LC parameters began to correspond to the tabular data (Table 1).

Testing the principle of the Tesla dipole in practice

To conduct experiments with the Tesla transformer, it did not take long to think about the design; amateur radio experience helped here. Instead of a sphere and earth, two corrugated aluminum (ventilation) pipes with a diameter of 120 mm and a length of 250 mm were taken as emitters. The ease of use was that they can be stretched or compressed like turns of a coil, thereby changing the capacitance of the circuit as a whole and, accordingly, the L / C ratio. "Pipes-tanks" were placed horizontally on a bamboo stick with a distance of 100 mm. The inductor L2 (30 μH) with a 2 mm wire was placed 50 cm below the axis of the cylinders in order not to create eddy currents in the emitter sphere. It would be even better if the coil is moved beyond one of the emitters, placing it on the same axis with them, where the el. the magnetic field is minimal and has the shape of an "empty funnel". The oscillatory circuit formed by these elements was tuned in the series resonance mode, where the basic rule was observed, where XL = -Xc. The communication coil L1 (1 turn, 2 mm) provided communication with a 40 W transceiver. With her help, the matching of the improvised Tesla dipole with the 50 Ohm feeder was set up, which ensured the traveling wave mode and full power output without reflection back to the generator. This mode in the Tesla transformer provides a spark gap. The feeder 5 meters long for the purity of the experiment was provided on both sides with ferrite filters.

Three antennas were tested for comparison:

• Tesla dipole (L= 0.7m, SWR=1.1),
• split shortened Hertzian dipole (L = 2 × 0.7 m, extension coil, 5-meter feeder protected by ferrite filters SWR = 1.0),
• horizontal half-wave Hertz dipole (L = 19.3 m, the feeder is protected by ferrite filters SWR = 1.05).

At a distance of 3 km. within the city, a transmitter with a constant carrier signal was turned on.

A Tesla dipole (7 MHz) and a shortened dipole with an extension coil were placed in turn near a brick building at a distance of only 2 meters, and at the time of the experiment were in equal conditions at a height (10-11 m).

In the receive mode, the Tesla dipole exceeded the shortened Hertz dipole by 2-3 points (12-20 dB) on the transceiver S-meter scale and more.

Then a pre-tuned Hertz half-wave dipole was hung out. Suspension height 10-11 m. at a distance of 15-20 m from the walls.

In terms of amplification, the Tesla dipole was inferior to the Hertz half-wave dipole by about 1 point (6-8 dB). The radiation patterns of all antennas coincided. It is worth noting that the half-wave dipole was not placed in ideal conditions, and the practice of building a Tesla dipole requires new skills. All antennas were located inside the courtyard (four buildings) as in a shielded boiler.

General conclusions

The considered Tesla dipole in practice works almost like a full-fledged half-wave dipole of Hertz, which confirms the equality of electromagnetic fields from an electric and capacitive dipole. It obeys the principles of duality, which does not go against the theory of antennas. Despite its small size (0.015-0.025?), the Tesla dipole communicates with space using capacitive emitters. They create an in-phase field E and field H in the space around the emitter, from which it follows that the Tesla dipole field within the emitters has already been formed and has a “mini-sphere”, which leads to a number of new conclusions about the properties of this dipole. Thus, the Tesla dipole has every reason for practical experiments in the amateur radio service in the ranges of short, medium and especially long waves. I think that lovers of long-wave communication (137 kHz) should pay special attention to this experiment, where the efficiency of the considered dipole is tens of times higher than experimental antennas based on a shortened Hertzian dipole or resonant loops.

Recall where the Tesla dipole is used in practice? Unfortunately, for the civilian contingent until some time it was closed. The silence was broken by the American radio amateur T. Hard, who, among the radio amateurs, introduced the notorious EH antenna to the world of radio amateurs.

Reference

Since the mid-40s, this type of antenna (see Fig. 5) has been successfully practiced in military mobile HF radio communications in many countries, including the USSR. The operating frequency range is 1.5-12 MHz. T. Hard was a direct participant in the development of this antenna in the US Army. He gave new life to the invention of N. Tesla, which is categorically rejected among DXers. You can understand them, because this dipole is unconventional and looks like an unfinished car model, and DXers need to participate in "races" without risk. It should not be hidden that there are other reasons, - T. Hard presented the principle of operation of the EH antenna in the framework of an unconventional theory. At the same time, this type of antenna is very interesting for most experimental radio amateurs, and it is classified as an experimental and even mobile antenna. As for the similarity of the patented designs of N. Tesla and T. Hard, this only causes a smile. Well, the Hertz dipole also had its followers, this is a long series of vibrator antennas, such as the Nadenenko dipole, the Beverage antenna, the Uda Yagi antenna, etc. Thus, each of us has the right to contribute to the development of capacitive antennas and leave his name to posterity in antenna technology.

T. Hard's modern EH antenna and its similarity to the Tesla dipole

So what is T. Hard's EH antenna? This is essentially the same capacitive type antenna, one to one similar to the Tesla dipole, see fig. 5a and 5b., the difference lies only in the location of the L2 coil, and this is a fair merit of Ted, because at the point of creation of the electromagnetic field, the medium must be free from the vortex fields created by the inductor.

Here, instead of the earth and the sphere, two cylinders are used, which create an open capacitance of the radiating capacitor.

Drawing equality between the Tesla dipole and the EH antenna of T. Hard, we can come to the following definition: the EH antenna is a high-quality series oscillatory circuit, where the capacitance C is an open element that communicates with the medium. The inductance L is a closed resonant element, it works as a compensator for the small reactive component of the capacitive radiator.

You can get to know these antennas better at: http://ehant.narod.ru/book.htm.

So, we came to the conclusion that the N. Tesla dipole and the T. Hard EH antenna are exactly the same antennas, they are distinguished only by design differences. From the theory of a series oscillatory circuit, we see that the condition of series resonance must be observed in a given antenna. Unfortunately, in practice it is difficult to fulfill the conditions of exact phasing, although it is possible. T. Hard kept silent about this, but foresaw this and proposed several options for phasing the antenna with the so-called "input coil". In fact, this is a reactive L-element, although in some designs phasing LC-elements based on the Bouchereau-Cheri transformer are also used.

A Brief Consideration of Energetics in Favor of the Tesla Dipole

According to adherents of EH antennas, the in-phase radiation of the fields E and H takes place and plays a significant role in noise immunity.

This is true, because the vectors E and H, due to their common phase, are added, and the signal-to-noise ratio increases by 1.4 times or by 3 dB already in the near zone of the antenna, which is not so unimportant.

If at some point in time the capacitor is charged C up to voltage V0, then the energy concentrated in the electric field of the capacitor is equal to:

where:
FROM is the capacitance of the capacitor.
Vo- the maximum voltage value.

From the above formula it is clear that the stress of the medium EU in this antenna, it is directly proportional to the capacitance of an open capacitor multiplied by the square of the applied voltage ... And this voltage around the antenna radiator can be tens and hundreds of kilovolts, which is important for the radiator in question.

The type of antenna under consideration is a high-quality oscillatory circuit, and the quality factor of the oscillatory circuits is much greater than unity, then the voltage, both on the inductor and on the capacitor plates, exceeds the voltage applied to the circuit by Q times. It is no coincidence that the phenomenon of voltage resonance is used in technology to enhance voltage fluctuations of any frequency.

From the theory of antennas, we know that in order to create the necessary field, volume and quality factor are needed. By reducing the dimensions of the Hertzian dipole (Fig. 6a) to the dimensions of the considered antenna emitters, for example, by 10 times, the distance between the plates of the capacitor CC decreased by the same amount, and, accordingly, the effective height h d. The volume of the near field Vo decreased by 1000 times (Fig. .6b).

Now you have to turn on the "compensating" coil L with a quality factor of much more than 1000 and tune the antenna to resonance. Then, due to the high quality factor, the voltage on the SS cylinders will increase by a factor of 100, and the intrinsic field Vo of the antenna between the cylinders will increase by Q, i.e., by a factor of 1000!

Thus, we have the theoretical probability that the field of the Tesla dipole is equal to the field of the Hertzian dipole. Which corresponds to the statement of G. Hertz himself.

However, everything looks good only in theory. The fact is that in practice the high quality factor of the Q?1000 coil can be achieved only by special measures, and even then only in the receive mode. You should also pay special attention to the increased concentration of electromagnetic energy in the Tesla dipole (EH-antenna), which is spent on heating the near space and causes a corresponding drop in the efficiency of the antenna as a whole. It is for these reasons that single the Tesla dipole under equal suspension conditions has a lower gain than the Hertzian dipole, although there are other assertions. If the dipole is made with German pedantry and American confidence, maybe it will work out that way.

In connection with the foregoing, I would like to note that the T. Hard antenna is not fiction, it is a fairly highly developed model, but which can and should be improved. Here, as they say, "THE HORSE DOES NOT DROP". Let Ted not be able to convey to us the true theory of the work of his individual development. After all, it's just T. Hard with N. Tesla's improved dipole design. Yes, it doesn't matter! The important thing is that there are opportunities to go further along this path. Let the next antenna development be from Ivanov, Sidorov or Petrov!

The text has been used experiment materials. K. Maxwell, the works of N. Tesla, interesting articles by Professor V. T. Polyakov, publications of such famous authors as G. Z. Eisenberg, K. Rothammel, Z. Benkovsky, E. Lipinsky, Internet materials and developments of T. Hard.

73! UA9LBG & Radio-Vector-Tyumen
Email: [email protected] & [email protected]

The majority of people are convinced that energy for existence can only be obtained from gas, coal or oil. The atom is quite dangerous, the construction of hydroelectric power plants is a very laborious and costly process. Scientists around the world say that natural fuel reserves may soon run out. What to do, where is the way out? Are humanity's days numbered?

Everything from nothing

Research on the types of "green energy" has recently been conducted more and more intensively, as this is the way to the future. Our planet initially has everything for the life of mankind. You just need to be able to take it and use it for good. Many scientists and just amateurs create such devices? as a generator of free energy. With their own hands, following the laws of physics and their own logic, they do what will benefit all of humanity.

So what are the phenomena? Here are a few of them:

• static or radiant natural electricity;
• use of permanent and neodymium magnets;
• receiving heat from mechanical heaters;
• transformation of earth energy and;
• implosion vortex engines;
• thermal solar pumps.

Each of these technologies uses a minimal initial impulse to release more energy.

Free energy with your own hands? To do this, you need to have a strong desire to change your life, a lot of patience, diligence, a little knowledge and, of course, the necessary tools and components.

Water instead of gasoline? What nonsense!

An engine running on alcohol will probably find more understanding than the idea of ​​decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen molecules. After all, even in school textbooks it is said that this is a completely unprofitable way of obtaining energy. However, there are already installations for the extraction of hydrogen by ultra-efficient electrolysis. Moreover, the cost of the resulting gas is equal to the cost of cubic meters of water used in this process. Equally important, the cost of electricity is also minimal.

Most likely, in the near future, along with electric vehicles, cars powered by hydrogen fuel will drive around the world's roads. An ultra-efficient electrolysis plant is not exactly a free energy generator. It is quite difficult to assemble it with your own hands. However, the method of continuous production of hydrogen using this technology can be combined with methods for obtaining green energy, which will increase the overall efficiency of the process.

One of the undeservedly forgotten

Devices such as completely maintenance-free. They are absolutely silent and do not pollute the atmosphere. One of the most famous developments in the field of eco-technologies is the principle of obtaining current from the ether according to the theory of N. Tesla. A device consisting of two resonantly tuned transformer coils is a grounded oscillatory circuit. Initially, Tesla made a free energy generator with his own hands in order to transmit a radio signal over long distances.

If we consider the surface layers of the Earth as a huge capacitor, then we can imagine them as a single conductive plate. The second element in this system is the ionosphere (atmosphere) of the planet, saturated with cosmic rays (the so-called ether). Through both of these "plates" are constantly flowing electric charges of different poles. To "collect" currents from near space, you need to make a free energy generator with your own hands. 2013 was one of the most productive years in this area. Everyone wants free electricity.

How to make a free energy generator with your own hands

The scheme of a single-phase resonant device N. Tesla consists of the following blocks:

1. Two conventional 12 V batteries.
2. with electrolytic capacitors.
3. Generator that sets the standard frequency of the current (50 Hz).
4. Current amplifier block directed to the output transformer.
5. Converter of low-voltage (12 V) voltage to high-voltage (up to 3000 V).
6. A conventional transformer with a winding ratio of 1:100.
7. Voltage step-up transformer with high-voltage winding and tape core, power up to 30 W.
8. Main transformer without core, with double winding.
9. A step-down transformer.
10. Ferrite rod for system grounding.

All units of the installation are connected according to the laws of physics. The system is set up experimentally.

Is it all true?

It may seem that this is absurd, because another year when they tried to create a free energy generator with their own hands is 2014. The circuit described above simply uses battery power, according to many experimenters. To this the following may be objected. Energy enters the closed circuit of the system from the electric field of the output coils, which receive it from a high-voltage transformer due to the mutual arrangement. And the charge of the battery creates and maintains the strength of the electric field. All other energy comes from the environment.

Fuel-free device for receiving free electricity

It is known that the occurrence of a magnetic field in any engine is facilitated by ordinary ones made of copper or aluminum wire. To compensate for the inevitable losses due to the resistance of these materials, the engine must run continuously, using part of the generated energy to maintain its own field. This significantly reduces the efficiency of the device.

In a transformer powered by neodymium magnets, there are no self-induction coils, and, accordingly, there are no losses associated with resistance. When using a constant, they are generated by a rotor rotating in this field.

How to make a small DIY free energy generator

The schema used is:

• take a cooler (fan) from the computer;
• remove 4 transformer coils from it;
• replace with small neodymium magnets;
• orient them in the original directions of the coils;
• by changing the position of the magnets, you can control the speed of rotation of the motor, which works completely without electricity.

This almost retains its performance until one of the magnets is removed from the circuit. By attaching a light bulb to the device, you can illuminate the room for free. If you take a more powerful engine and magnets, you can power not only a light bulb, but also other household electrical appliances from the system.

On the principle of operation of Tariel Kapanadze's installation

This famous do-it-yourself free energy generator (25kW, 100kW) is assembled according to the principle described by Nikolo Tesla back in the last century. This resonant system is capable of producing a voltage many times greater than the initial impulse. It is important to understand that this is not a "perpetual motion machine", but a machine for generating electricity from freely available natural sources.

To obtain a current of 50 Hz, 2 square-wave generators and power diodes are used. For grounding, a ferrite rod is used, which, in fact, closes the Earth's surface to the charge of the atmosphere (ether, according to N. Tesla). Coaxial cable is used to supply a powerful output voltage to the load.

In simple words, a do-it-yourself free energy generator (2014, scheme by T. Kapanadze) receives only an initial impulse from a 12 V source. The device is capable of constantly supplying standard electrical appliances, heaters, lighting, and so on with normal voltage current.

The assembled do-it-yourself self-powered free energy generator is designed to complete the circuit. Some craftsmen use this method to recharge the battery, which gives the initial impulse to the system. For your own safety, it is important to consider the fact that the output voltage of the system is high. If you forget about caution, you can get a severe electric shock. Since a 25kW do-it-yourself free energy generator can bring both benefits and dangers.

Who needs all this?

Almost anyone who is familiar with the basics of the laws of physics from the school curriculum can make a free energy generator with their own hands. The power supply of your own home can be completely transferred to the ecological and affordable energy of the ether. With the use of such technologies, transportation and production costs will be reduced. The atmosphere of our planet will become cleaner, the process of the "greenhouse effect" will stop.

With a spark from a capacitor discharge, a very high voltage appears between the place where it appears and the place where the spark “strike”, this is the result of the formation of clusters, connections in chains of water vapor ions, electrons also take part in the process. If in a circuit with a capacitor there is an inductor connected in series or in parallel, then an electrical circuit is obtained, an oscillatory circuit in which an oscillatory process can be observed. In an earlier article, I made a simple calculation, and showed that the process of discharging and charging a capacitor cannot be convincingly explained by the movement of electrons through a wire. Then this speed should be too high, since no one knows the speed of movement of electrons in a wire with voltage, except perhaps very approximately, the information given in the literature differs by an order of magnitude.

Sometimes the information given in old books on electricity is interesting, for example, in Eichenwald's book "Electricity". In the Ruhmkorff inductor, a capacitor was used as an obligatory element, according to the author of the book - this capacitor is used to reduce sparks in the breaker, however, it can be noted that the execution of the device has in common with the ideas of Tesla, and the capacitor at the moment of formation of an opening and a spark turns out to be connected in series with the circuit of the primary coil.Below is a drawing from Eichenwald's book.

I will try to briefly explain why the occurrence of a high potential difference during the formation of a spark can be used to extract the energy of the environment (from the ethereal medium.). If electrons and ions are connected by their opposite magnetic poles into chains, as a result of a turn in the ethereal medium, in addition to inertia forces, they may experience some resistance of this medium, which can lead to the process of emission of photons by electrons and loss of mass by electrons. This lost mass must be restored by an elementary particle, otherwise the particle will be in an unstable state, and if the process of radiation and mass loss is repeated, then the particle may disappear altogether. It is quite clear that near the particle there is no other source for obtaining the missing energy, except from the surrounding substance - ether. This is how the Tesla oscillator works, like a pump that takes energy from the ethereal medium (in the form of a high potential, supplied further to the load). The process itself, judging by Tesla's interview with his lawyer, made it possible to obtain five times the declared energy (expended for the operation of the oscillator). According to Tesla and scientists of that time, this is his invention - the most significant of all inventions.

In this way, without throwing out the process of spark formation, it is possible to obtain energy from the environment, and such attempts and successful experiments were described by Chernetsky, the physicist Melnichenko (a capacitor connected in series and a collector motor), carried out by the architect Kananadze. Donald Smith, Edwin Gray, of course - Tesla, and probably his student, the founder of semiconductor electronics, Henry Mohr. If we discard sparking, then immediately, according to Tesla, another version of his device for converting a capacitor discharge will have nothing to do with his idea and implementation. It turns out that in the presence of high potential. When the limiting, minimum resistance is exceeded, the circuit can be closed by the formation of clusters, chains of ions and electrons, which in turn will create an even higher voltage for some time, and repeating this process many times, you can thus extract energy from the environment. Sometimes they talk about a negative branch in the characteristics of a particular process, when, with an increase in load, instead of the expected total power consumption, on the contrary, its decrease appears. There are also many falsifiers who deliberately and unintentionally try to belittle, devalue the contribution, the results obtained by Chernetsky, Tesla and others. For example, they make a layout “like” Chernetsky, completely throwing out the process of arc formation from it, or they study Tesla’s unipolar dynamo, but in fact throwing out of it the self-excitation coil shown in the patent.

Of course, one process of interrupting the discharge is not enough to extract energy, and the discharges are different. In an electric lighter for lighting natural gas, kilovolts and a spark are obtained from 1.5 volts and one transistor. But this process will not be equivalent to discharging a capacitor into an inductance. To achieve success, it may be necessary to coordinate the interruption frequency of the circuit, adjust it with the natural resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit, and it can change if a changing load is included in the circuit. Eichenwald's book gives a description of Duddel's singing arc.

Therefore, the inventors find a solution in the use of multiple coils, using the phenomenon of coupling between coils.

Tesla used different designs for interruption, which is reflected in his patents. Arc interruption with hot air, its expulsion and interruption under the influence of a magnet, and interruption by a gear wheel in a reservoir of oil pat 514 168 were used (this Tesla called a turbine, although there is another patent). The highly efficient use of interrupting the arc, discharging a capacitor through a spark gap, all can be seen in many of Tesla's patents. (Pat 462418 Tesla Oscillator, Pat 454622 - Electrical Lighting System. In fact, the same principle laid down by Tesla is used in modern “plasma balls”. The surviving photos show how Mark Twain holds a luminous lamp in the Tesla laboratory, to which only one wire goes. There is also a photo where Tesla holds in his hand Tesla holds in his hand a luminous lamp in his hand, and to which no wires are connected, in this case the glow of the lamp is produced due to leakage currents from the central electrode to the periphery of the glass body of the lamp.The human hand enhances this process.

Further - patent 447920 - Method for controlling arc lamps, Pat 514 168 - Method for generating electric currents, Pat B 462418 and others, for example - Patent 577 671, which explains how to make capacitors and coils/).

Below is a fragment of patent 514 168.

The famous inventor Yablochkov also worked in this direction, received a number of patents and made a number of highly efficient lighting devices.

Most of today's inventors and followers of Tesla misunderstand the principle of the Tesla Transformer itself.

On the usual principles of inductive coupling, such a high transformation ratio cannot be obtained that is hundreds of times different from the ratio of the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings.

Many do not take into account, do not talk about the intense emission of photons Tesla's transformer, that's its true name.

It is quite clear that it is the radiation of photons that fall on each turn of the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer and, causing a change in the orientation of electrons in each turn, is the main reason for the appearance of such a high potential difference.

Much has been distorted since Tesla's death. For example, under the turbine Tesla did not mean a device with a rotating disk and a patent with the same name. This is his transformer, dipped in oil.

and emitting during operation the gas supplied further to the turbine blades. It is time for understanding the new to rethink the learned old. Throw out the false. The new theory of the great Russian scientist, the results, confirmed in practice for a long time, do not interfere with studying the true situation in physics, to understand that there is no rotation of the electron in orbits and orbitals, which are the mistakes of Bohr and Maxwell. Hertz, Faraday and much more.!!

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