The President of Belarus proposed to consider in the Parliament the issue of starting school classes not at 8 am, but at 9 am. “An hour for a child to sleep in the morning is a good deed. He won't fall asleep early in the evening anyway. As some teachers say: wake up at 7 in the morning - go to bed earlier. Remember yourself: often did you go to bed early? - said the Belarusian leader during a speech in the Oval Hall on October 7.
As noted Candidate of Medical Sciences, pediatrician Viktor SOLNTSEV, sleep is an important component of a healthy psycho-emotional state of children. In addition, if a first-grader sleeps less than 7-8 hours a day, his performance decreases by 30%. Therefore, from a medical point of view, an extra hour of sleep will benefit the child.
The beginning of classes at the school is regulated by sanitary standards. They stipulate that classes should not start before 8.00 and end after 20.00. At the same time, in many educational institutions there is an unspoken recommendation not to assign control, independent, laboratory and other important types of work to the first lessons.
By the way, in many rural schools in Belarus, classes already begin at 9.00. The first lesson in lyceums is usually set at 8.30. This is due to the need to take into account the interests of children who come to study from distant areas of a large city, and sometimes from the suburbs.
Not so simple
The director of one of the Minsk schools believes that the postponement of the start of classes at the school can turn into unexpected problems. So, parents whose working day starts at 8.00 will face a problem: what to do with their son or daughter, students in the first grade, before the start of school lessons? Be late for work and bring the child to class on your own or “connect” grandparents?
Also, a later start of the school day can cause problems in educational institutions where there is a second shift. The shift in the morning schedule will also affect the start of classes for the students of the second shift, therefore, the lessons for them will end later. In some cases, children will return home closer to 8 pm. Or the lesson will have to last less than 45 minutes.And how are they?
In Russia and Ukraine, the start time of lessons at school is 8.00. However, as with us, in some cases it may change. For example, in some educational institutions in Moscow, Kyiv and other large cities, due to traffic congestion, classes can start at 8.30 or 9.00. Most often, studies begin at 8 am in Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia.
In some schools in China, classes start at 7:30 am, in Japan at 8:45 am, in the US between 8 and 9 am, and in Australia students come to class by 9 am.
Finnish schoolchildren sit down at their desks at 9 am. Teachers spend no more than 4 hours a day on teaching. The week is five days, but Friday is a shortened day. After all, another idea of Finnish schools: you study less - you know more!
USA
There are many private schools in New York, and many have their own rules. In some schools, one lesson can last 50 minutes.
The school day starts at 8.30 and ends, with a minimum number of lessons, at 14:30.
Photo source: wikimedia.org
Study, I must say, is intense, but they often rest - in addition to holidays, there are also American national and Jewish holidays.
Canada
In Canadian schools, the duration of the lesson is 75 minutes. Classes start at 9:10 am and end at 3:30 pm. Interestingly, students are graded as a percentage (for example, 50-60% is a “three”, 65-75% is a “four”).
India
Schoolchildren study for 6 days, sometimes 6-8 lessons per day, lasting 35 minutes.
Photo source: radical.ru
Lessons start at 9 am.
Israel
Lessons start at 8 am and end at 13:00.
Most schools practice double lessons, i.e. 1 lesson can last 90 minutes (2 times 45). Israel has a six-day school week, but, unusually, it starts on Sunday. Saturday is a day off.
The educational system in Israel is divided into 3 stages, where the elementary school is a separate unit.
There are many of them and they are located several in each district of the city.
Thus, even in primary school, children of 6-7 years old can get on their own. As a rule, from home to the doorstep of the school 5-10 minutes on foot (in the worst case 15).
Japan
Lessons in schools start at 8:30 - 8:45 and last 45 minutes each.
Breaks are 5-10 minutes, but in elementary school there are 20 minutes. At 12:30 - lunch, after which the elementary school students leave, and the high school students study further.
Photo source: pixabay.com
In secondary school there are 6-7 lessons, they end around 16 hours. Why so late? Because students have 50 minutes for lunch. In Japan, "six days", but every second Saturday is a day off. Saturday classes usually start at 8:30 and end at 15:00.
What country's experience can serve as an example?
American scientists are sure that modern children suffer from chronic lack of sleep. The experts told VM about the pros and cons of the second shift.
Disputes about what time classes should start at school have been going on for a long time and at different levels: teachers are arguing, officials are arguing, doctors are arguing and, in the end, the students themselves are arguing. Over the past 30 years, the time at which the bell rang for the first lesson has changed several times in Russian schools, ranging from 8 to 9 in the morning. Some were "lucky" (and maybe not even in quotes) to study on the second shift, when classes began in the afternoon.
As we wrote earlier, there is no consensus among teachers about the second shift. Some believe that well-rested children are much more productive, better learn the material, have more interest in subjects. On the other hand, with such a daily routine, there is practically no time left for extracurricular activities. It makes no sense to go to circles and sections in the morning - after all, you need to get enough sleep, otherwise why study on the second shift? In the evening you need to do your homework, and sometimes you need to relax.
I myself remember how we studied on the second shift, - says educational psychologist Anna Burmistrova. - Classes alternately transferred to the first, then to the second. And those who came to school in the morning envied those who came almost at noon. But it took a week to study on the second shift, as everyone understood - nothing good. Today's educational program involves an even greater burden on children, and it is difficult for children to even have time to do all the "homework", not to mention entertainment and sports sections.
In the course of a study conducted by American scientists, two groups of schoolchildren were studied. The first lesson began at 07:50, the second came to the first lesson at 8:45. The performance of the second group increased by five percent.
However, even taking into account the biological characteristics of people of different ages, psychologists warn: teenagers themselves can turn the thesis about adolescent “owls” into an effective “excuse”.
Naturally, putting a teenager to bed at 10 pm is unrealistic, says psychologist Daria Chunina. - At the same time, parents need to be prepared for manipulation. To the phrase: "Go to bed, it's already two in the morning," they can contrast the scientific fact: "I'm a teenager, I'm a night owl, I can't fall asleep this early." You need to know the measure in everything. Children always think that their energy is endless, but nervous exhaustion accumulates, and more or less severe stress can cause a nervous breakdown. In general, scientists agree that the beginning of the school day is a case when half measures will be in demand. It will be effective to transfer the call to the first lesson for an hour or two, but not for half a day.
For every parent whose child went to school, it is important to know what rules the educational institution is guided by when choosing a load for children. The length of the day is determined by the current provisions of SanPiN. If it is violated, responsible persons are subject to disciplinary liability or to sanctions in the form of an administrative fine. So, how long is the lesson at school When does the school day start and end?
If the schedule is generated with errors, then the institution may face impressive fines.
At the same time, both the institution itself and its head are subject to sanctions. So, the institution will have to pay 70,000 rubles, the director - 7,000 rubles (Article 6.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).
In addition, the founder may decide to bring the management to disciplinary responsibility in the form of a remark or reprimand (Article 192 of the Labor Code of Russia).
Particular attention should be paid to the schedule. When disciplines are added to it, the standards must still be maintained and the requirements specified in SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 must be met.
Divide the class into groups in the lessons.
Classes (parallels) can be divided into groups. This event is necessary for those educational institutions that teach several languages (foreign, native). The division also allows for labor and physical education classes.
It is worth noting that the school is not at all obliged to resort to the above procedure. However, such recommendations should not be neglected, as this increases the effectiveness of training.
Extracurricular activities at school.
Also of no small importance is the issue of alternating lessons with additional classes. The institution has the right to take this step with a full transition to the Federal State Educational Standard.
Breaks should not be kept in accordance with the general requirements (45 minutes), since extracurricular activities differ from classroom activities in their form.
If an educational institution continues educational activities in accordance with the FC SES, then extracurricular activities cannot be mixed with the general educational process.
It is necessary to separately schedule electives and lessons. At the same time, a pause of 45 minutes or more must be maintained between additional classes and the last lesson.
Important! 19/20 is the last year when educational activities are allowed within the framework of the FC SES.
The transitional period for the Federal State Educational Standard for schools will end in 2020/21 (according to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 07.09.10 No. 1507-r).
The provisions of SanPiN, which should be followed when drawing up a schedule at school.
The main document regulating the rules for the formation of a document, according to which schoolchildren study, is SanPiN 2.4.2.2821–10.
The act, among other things, contains information about the duration of classes, their start and end times, and the break between shifts.
Also, the administration should monitor the uniform distribution of the load during the school week.
What time do lessons start and end at school?
It is required to start classes no earlier than 8 am (clause 10.4). The length of the day for students is equal to the duration of 6 lessons (45 minutes for grades 2-4 and 35-40 minutes for first graders).
Many people have a question what time does the 6th lesson end at school.
It depends on the shift: for the first - until 13:30, and for the second - until 19:30. At the same time, students in grades 5, 9 and 11 are not allowed to study in the second shift.
It is also not allowed to organize the process in more than two shifts. Between the latter, an interval of thirty minutes must be maintained.
The weekly load is evenly distributed. It is required to take into account the daily and general mental performance of children, as well as the difficulty of objects.
In the middle of the week, it is advisable to increase the level of mental activity by loading minors with lessons with the highest score (chemistry, algebra, physics, etc.).
Also, at the specified time, it is allowed to increase the number of classes compared to the beginning and end of the week.
How is the schedule evaluated and are parents involved?
This issue is within the competence of the Deputy Director for WRM. After reconciling the document with the requirements of SanPiN and checking the schedule for errors, the act can be adopted or adjusted.
If problems arise related to the violation of a number of legal norms that cannot be resolved, then they are brought to the pedagogical council with teachers.
This will allow us to develop a plan for the next six months and bring the documentation in order.
The draft schedule is allowed to be discussed with the participation of active parents. The latter have the right to propose their own adjustments, including with regards to circles and sections.
The discussion can be conducted directly or by sending forms (questionnaires). If it is impossible to take into account any wishes, the school must prepare a reasoned answer.
How many lessons in elementary school: step mode?
They require a special relationship, because school is a new experience for them. In some educational institutions, a step-by-step mode of classes is used.
The latter is a schedule that allows children to quickly adapt to an unfamiliar environment.
The basic principle of the methodology is to gradually and consistently increase the load (duration of classes and their number).
To organize such a system, you need to include in the daily schedule:
- 3 lessons of 35 minutes in September;
- 4 lessons of 35 minutes in December;
- 4 lessons of 40 minutes in May.
The last 4th lesson must end no later than 11:20. In September-December, the specified time is reduced by 10 minutes.
Conclusion.
Thus, the duration of a lesson at school for grades 2-11 is 45 minutes.
They study less by 5 minutes from January to March and by 10 minutes in the first half of the year. These norms are established by the current SanPiN.
In addition, the document includes many other scheduling requirements that must be met when approving a training document.