Technology. 4th grade. Lesson plans.
M.: 2016. - 288 p.
The manual presents lesson developments for the course "Technology" for the 4th grade of educational institutions to the teaching materials of the educational systems "Perspective", "School of Russia" and "Harmony", as well as thematic planning according to the current textbooks of the "Primary School of the XXI century" system, corresponding to the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of primary general education. The publication is addressed to primary school teachers of educational institutions, educators of extended day groups, students of pedagogical universities and colleges, students of the IPC.
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CONTENT
From author 3
LESSON DEVELOPMENTS FOR TMC "PERSPECTIVE" AND "SCHOOL OF RUSSIA"
Thematic planning 6
Introduction to Tutorial 7
Lesson 1
Man and earth 13
Lessons 2, 3. Carriage plant. Products "Undercarriage (bogie)", "Car body", "Passenger car" 14
Lesson 4 Product "Drilling rig" 24
Lesson 5 Product "Malachite box" 31
Lessons 6, 7. Car factory. Product "KAMAZ" 36
Lesson 8 Medal project. Sides of the coin product 44
Lesson 9 Medal project. Product "Medal" 50
Lessons 10, 11. Faience factory. Products "Basis for a vase", "Vase" 53
Lesson 12 Product "Potholder" 61
Lesson 13 Products "Christmas toy", "Bird" 68
Lessons 14, 15. Shoe factory. Product "Model of children's summer shoes" 73
Lessons 16, 1 7. Woodworking production. Product "Ladder-support for plants" 83
Lessons 18, 19 Products "Cake "Potato"", "Chocolate cookies" 93
Lesson 20 Product "Table lamp" 101
Lesson 21 Product "Abajour". Table lamp assembly 108
Lesson 2 2. Greenhouse economy. Product "Flowers for a school flower bed" 114
Man and water 119
Lesson 23 Products "Filter for water purification", "Struemer" 120
Lesson 24 Rope ladder product 125
Lesson 25 Product "Bracelet" 131
Man and air 136
Lesson 2 6. Aircraft building. Rocket science. Product "Airplane" 138
Lesson 2 7. Launch vehicle. Product "Launcher" 144
Lesson 28 Product "Kite" 148
Person and information 152
Lessons 2 9, 3 0. Publishing. Products "Title page", "Table" 154
Lesson 31 Practical work "Content" 162
Lessons 3 2, 3 3. Bookbinding. The product "Diary of a traveler" 166
Lesson 34 Presentation of completed works 168
LESSON DEVELOPMENT ON UMK "HARMONY"
Thematic planning 171
From time immemorial to the present day 172
Lesson 1. Introduction. Ceramics in the culture of the peoples of the world 173
Lesson 2
Lessons 3, 4. Architectural ceramics. Tile. Decorative tiles. Collective panel (modelling, painting) 181
Lessons 5, 6. Weaving from strips of birch bark, wood chips, bast or paper. Wicker box 185
Lessons 7, 8. Jewelry in the culture of the peoples of the world. Making jewelry based on traditional canons of rhythm and symmetry 192
Traditions of masters in products for the holiday 198
Lesson 9 Production of molds by corrugation 199
Lesson 10 Folding postcard 202
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13 Carnival hats (origami) 213
Lesson 14 Christmas gingerbread according to traditional canons (modeling from salt dough) 217
Lessons 15, 16. Bas-relief in a decorative item. Designing and sculpting a decorative frame 223
Masters and apprentices. Winter needlework 227
Lesson 17 The simplest crochet tricks 227
Lessons 18, 19. The simplest crochet techniques. Knitting panel 232
Lesson 20
Lessons 21, 2 2. Buttonhole and its use in finishing products. Decorative pockets 239
Lessons 2 3, 2 4. Cardboard edging 242
Lessons 2 5, 2 6. Hardcover 246
Every business has its own secrets 250
Lesson 27 Techniques and technologies for straw appliqué 250
Lessons 2 8, 2 9. We give people our skills. Straw and thread toys 254
Lessons 3 0, 31. Metal in the hands of the master. Foil stamping 257
Lesson 32 Ancient origami art. Kusudama 261
Lesson 33 Ancient origami art. Sanbo box 265
Lesson 34 Exhibition of creative works of students 269
APPS
Thematic planning for the teaching materials "Primary school of the XXI century" 271
Safety rules in technology lessons 276
Physical education minutes 278
References 283
The purpose of the lesson: To reveal the role of minerals in human activities and show the need for their careful use.
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
To acquaint with a variety of minerals and some of their properties, methods of their extraction;
To organize a study by schoolchildren of the main properties of minerals;
Show their important role in the country's economy.
Development task:
Development of the ability to analyze and build hypotheses, conclusions, evidence based on the analysis.
Develop the ability to draw diagrams, tables.
Educational:
Show the need to protect minerals;
Maintain awareness of the involvement of each student in the result of joint learning activities.
Cultivate tolerance.
Lesson type: subject
Lesson form: study lesson.
Form of organization of educational activities: individually - group , frontal.
Methods: partially exploratory, research.
Terms and concepts: minerals, geologists, deposits, quarry, mine.
Equipment: multimedia projector, screen, hammer, collection of fossils, glass, nail, glass of water, white paper, magnifiers.
Didactic materials: teacher presentation, rocks, instruction card for studying the properties of minerals.
During the classes
Stage 1. Organizing time. Psychological mood.
Look at each other, with your eyes, wish your friend a good working mood for the whole lesson. Now look at me. I also wish you all an interesting lesson.
Stage 2. Motivation and goal setting.
Look at our Earth. The nature of our Earth is rich and diverse. Some riches are on the surface of the Earth, others are hidden deep in the Earth. (slides 1, 2, 3).
What tricky secrets
Thaw common items:
Minerals sparkle in the salt shaker!
Snowflakes are crystals!
The foil that hid the candy -
The metal is the same as in rockets.
It hides its simple clay,
Sister of sapphire and ruby!
And if you stumble on a stone,
Don't think it's the cobblestone's fault
And then the omnipotent nature
You slipped the breed!
What do you think, what riches and secrets will be discussed today?
Read the topic of the lesson. "Minerals" (slide 4).
What problems do we need to solve on this topic? What questions do we ask ourselves?
(What minerals do we know? Where are they located? How do people use them in their lives? How should minerals be protected? How are they mined?)
What is the problem in the lesson? ( Why do minerals play an important role in human life?)(slide 5).
Why do we need to know this?
How will we learn the unknown about minerals? How will we work? ( working in groups).
Stage 3. Planning the search for a solution.
You are placed in groups of 5 people.
What is the first step, for well-coordinated work in groups, to be taken in order to find answers to all the questions posed? ( distribute roles in the group: organizer, secretary, informants).
Stage 4. Implementation of the plan.
Front work.
Study. What are "useful" and "fossils" (slide 6).
Now work in a group and try to define "Minerals".
(“Mineral resources” are natural resources that people extract from the depths of the earth and its surface and use). (slide 7).
- If we know what minerals are, then in order to know how to use them, where to apply them, what else do you think we should know about them? (properties). (slide 8).
Every mineral has some property. Now we will identify these properties - explore and enter in the table. Envelope No. 1.
Properties of minerals.
Name
State
Color
Main property
Where is used
liquid; light; oily
brown
flammability
Coal
Solid; heavy
flammability
Very hard
heavy
red, grey, white
strength
construction
Oil(slide 9). Study. Show the teacher experiments and fill in the table. Conclusion (slide 10).
Coal.
Explore according to plan (slide 11).
Plan for studying the properties of coal.
1. Consider a sample of hard coal. Determine its color. Does it have shine?
2. Dip the piece into the water. Does it float on its surface or sink?
3. Run your fingernail over the rock.
If a trace remains, then the rock is soft;
If it can be scratched with a nail, then it is hard;
If there is no trace of a nail, then it is very hard.
4. Coal is hard, but let's say brittle. Prove it! Find a way to prove it.
5. Where is it used and on the basis of what property?
Compare these two minerals using the table.
Plan for studying the properties of granite(slide 12).
1. Look at a piece of granite through a magnifying glass. Determine what color and what it consists of? Think about what fruit it looks like and why it is called granite?
2. Determine lighter or heavier than water?
3. Compare the hardness of granite and the hardness of coal, leaving scratches on it with a fingernail, nail.
4. Verify the special strength of granite. Swipe across the glass with granite and charcoal. What will leave a mark or scratch on the glass (charcoal or granite)?
Conclusion according to the table about granite.
Let's compare coal and granite according to the table.
Fizminutka(slide 13).
Walking along the path, walking
Many stones were found.
Sat down, collected and moved on.
On the track, on the track
Jumping on the left foot
And along the same path
We jump on the right leg.
We'll run along the path, we'll run to the lawn.
On the lawn, on the lawn
We jump like bunnies.
Stop! Let's get some rest!
And we will go to work again!”
We continue to work. We still have a lot to learn.
So, knowing the properties of minerals, what can we now learn? ( Where is it used and how is it obtained?
Stage 5 Textbook work. From 49-50. Appendix: Envelope No. 2.(see at the end of the article)
Who do you think geologists are?
Now each group will be exploration geologists. You are going to explore and in a few minutes tell us about the ways of mining. This tutorial will help you envelope number 2.
Each geological group has its own task. You will begin your story with the words: “We geologists have just returned from an expedition….” There is more information to help you with your text. Use her.
Before the stories, let's work with the concepts: (slide 14).
Geologists - people engaged in the study and search for minerals.
Place of Birth - places where minerals are found in the depths of the earth and on its surface.
Quarry - this is an open pit.
Mines - these are deep wells.
(Children read prepared messages) (slide 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22).
Now, according to your stories, we will draw up a small diagram - “spider” (slide 23).
Why does a person need minerals and where does he use them?
Guys, two ovals have not been studied. To study them, listen to the messages. (Children talk about salt and natural gas) (slide 24,25,26,27).
stage 6. Careful use.
- Can our economy do without natural resources?
- Minerals are the source of our life.
Tell me, what will happen if minerals disappear from our Earth?
What should a person do in order to make good use of the wealth of underground storerooms?
Stage 7. Conclusion(slide 28,29).
Minerals are the treasure of our Earth. Therefore, like any other treasure, they need to be protected and protected. The reserves of minerals on Earth are not endless. It is necessary to properly and carefully treat underground riches that cannot be restored. And how will we carefully use these resources?
Stage 8. Reflection(slide 30).
- What tasks were set at the beginning of the lesson?
How do you think, did we cope with the task at the lesson?
What helped us in our work?
What discoveries did you make?
9th stage. Evaluation of work.
Group rating.
1 0 stage. Homework(slide 31)
Raise your hand if you would like to learn more about minerals after the lesson and prepare a message.
There are many more minerals on earth. So I suggest you prepare a message about the mineral of the Novosibirsk region.
If someone finds it difficult, then I suggest that those children prepare a message about any mineral.
Lesson application. Envelopes.
Task for group 1. Coal.
Coal is called hard coal because it is hard and was considered a stone for a long time. But in fact, coal was formed from ancient plants. But then people came and saw these deposits. Coal is mined in two ways: open - mining in a quarry, and closed - mining in mines.
Quarry - this is an open pit.
Mine - this is a deep well.
Coal is one of the most essential minerals. He heats the house, gives his human friend medicine. Without coal, it is impossible to smelt metal, to cook food. And from it they prepare perfumes and various odorous syrups..
Task for group 2 .Oil.
Our country is very rich in oil. Until now, scientists have not come to a consensus on how I was formed. Many argue that over hundreds of millions of years, the substances that once made up algae, fish and crustaceans have turned into oil. It is now impossible to do without oil in the modern world. More than a thousand substances are made from this oily brownish liquid. For example, the purest gasoline for aviation and lubricating oils for cars. From oil, perfumes, medicines, photographic films, plastics are obtained, from which you can build houses and make cars.
In order to extract oil, drilling rigs are built and deep wells are drilled.
Group task 3. Iron ore.
For a long time, people have been looking for deposits of ores containing various metals. Ferrous metal ores are used to smelt iron, cast iron, and steel. And from ores of non-ferrous metals - aluminum, copper, zinc, lead. As a rule, products are made not from pure metals, but from alloys. There are so many metal objects around us: scissors, spoons, pots, buckets .. and machine tools at the factory, airplanes and cars, trains on rails, and the rails themselves. All of this from metals! And the metals are obtained from ores mined in nature.
Task for the group 4 . Construction Materials. Sand, clay, limestone.
Sand is a loose rock, consisting of the smallest particles. This is a product of the destruction of hard rocks. Indispensable in glass production, road construction.
Clay is a widely used building material. Brick is made from clay. They also make beautiful porcelain and faience dishes. Clay is formed as a result of the weathering of various rocks. In water, it gets wet, becomes viscous, plastic.
Limestone - lies in the ground in huge layers. Ordinary stone of white or gray color. Whole mountains sometimes consist of it. Used in construction. Chalk write on the board. White walls. Used in the construction of houses.
Lesson summary on technology Topic : Minerals. Malachite Box."
Target : Making a jewelry box using the applique technique.
educational task : To acquaint with minerals; on the example of malachite to study its beneficial properties.Development task : Development of horizons, attention, creative thinking. creative imagination.educational task : Foster a culture of work.Equipment : for the teacher - PC, tech. map, presentation; for the student - glue, template, cardboard, paper leaves.Lesson stages
- The bell rang.The lesson starts.looked at each otherThey smiled and sat quietly.- Mood is good? I wish you a successful day, gladly accept everything that we will study, and I will help you in everything.So let's start the lesson. Are you wondering what we are going to do in class today? Take a look at the slide to see what we'll be working on.The slide shows malachite, malachite products, malachite boxes.What kind of stone is depicted? Who knows what it's called?- This is a very amazing and mysterious stone. There are legends about him. For example, the great writer P.P. Bazhov wrote fairy tales, and one of them is The Malachite Box. Based on her motives, a cartoon was created, a fragment from which we will now see.Viewing a fragment from the cartoon "Malachite Box".What are boxes used for? Today in the lesson we will make our own boxes for storing your stationery. Look at my box. What is she adorned with? In what rhythm do my leaves are glued? What figures underlie this box? How are they connected?- How do we start making a box? What will we do next? What will we do after that? What else can we decorate our box with? What tools will we use? Let's remember TV with scissors; with glue.Drawing work.- What lines do you see? What does the solid line say? What does the dotted line say?When is the best time to decorate, before or after? Why?Performing practical work. At this time, the teacher walks around the class, checks the correctness of the students' work and distributes grading tokens (red box - 5, green - 4, yellow - 3).Work analysis. Showing work to each other in rows.- Leave those who received a red box to the board with their work.- Why did the guys come to the board with their products? How are these works done? They did a great job and get an excellent grade for the lesson.- What new did you learn at the lesson today? What did you learn in the lesson? What did you like the most? Did not like? Why?- Guys, you are great today! Worked well at the lesson, learned a lot and learned a lot. Thank you for your work, the lesson is over.- Your homework will be to make the same box, take a picture of it and show it to us. Capture the attention of students.Set students up for work.
Slide №1,2,3
Showing a fragment from the cartoon "Malachite Box".
Can what you see be called wealth? Specify what kind of wealth and to whom they belong?
Where are these riches located?
Is it possible to find treasures only on the surface of the Earth?
- What do we call minerals?
Teacher's message
Minerals - mineral formations of the earth's crust, the composition and properties of which allow them to be used as raw materials or fuel. There are solid, liquid and gaseous minerals.
Minerals are found in the earth's crust in the form of accumulations, which are their deposit. Today we will go to one of the deposits.
Mystery.
- What did you learn about this mineral in the lessons of the world around you?
Student messages
- Oil was formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago underground.
- Oil is a thick oily liquid. She has a strong smell. Getting into the water, it spreads a thin film on its surface.
- People have known about the existence of oil since ancient times. Sometimes when digging a well, instead of water, a dark oily liquid with a pungent odor came out of the ground - oil. This liquid had a remarkable property - it burned beautifully. It was poured into lamps, used in military affairs to make "fiery arrows" and "fire pots", used to lubricate wheels and mechanisms. That was until the invention of the engine.
Teacher's message
Today, oil is one of the most important minerals for mankind, which is used to produce gasoline, kerosene, plastics, paints, fabrics, medicines, etc. It is considered "black gold", at a price it is not inferior to the yellow metal.
Exercise 1.
- People of what profession are engaged in the search for deposits? ( geologists)
- Find oil fields on the map of Russia. (Sakhalin Island, Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia)
- Who is replacing the geologists? ( drillers)
- Drillers build drilling rigs and drill deep wells. Well drilling is one of the main operations in oil production. Oil is pumped out by special pumps into oil storage, and then by pipeline am, on special ships - tanker ah or in tank x it is delivered to oil refineries.
Task 2.
Consider the photographs and determine what technological operations for the extraction and transportation of oil are depicted on them?
Task 3.
- Carefully consider the design of the drilling rig. A drilling rig is a structure above a well, designed to lower and raise drilling tools, instruments, pipes. In its shape, it looks like a pyramid, sometimes as high as a 13-14-storey building. It has 4 legs, on which three platforms are attached. For greater strength, the legs are fastened together with special rods. Details of the drilling rig are made of pipes, when assembled they are connected with bolts.
Task 4.
-What is the best material for creating a model of an oil rig? Why? What should be the tower? (steady, mobile, strong)
Task 5.
What form of work will you choose? Why? Distribute responsibilities.
Task 6.
- Consider the model of the drilling rig. Determine what parts of the designer are needed in its manufacture, select these parts. Pick up the tools you need to assemble the model.
Task 7.
- Independent drawing up of a work plan based on a drawing. Product assembly.
Task 8.
Diagnostics of the quality of mastering the topic
- Add suggestions:
Black gold is ……………………………………………. .
A drilling rig is a structure above ……………………., intended for …………………………………………………..
2.Draw a symbol that indicates oil on the map.
- Identify and underline the names of the professions of people who are involved in oil production:
Miner Geologist Driller Pharmacist
- Determine the sequence for the extraction and transportation of oil:
… Drilling of the wells;
… Search for oil fields;
… transportation of oil through pipelines;
… preparation of deposits for development.
Can what you see be called wealth? Specify what kind of wealth and to whom they belong?
Where are these riches located?
Is it possible to find treasures only on the surface of the Earth?
- What do we call minerals?
Teacher's message
Minerals - mineral formations of the earth's crust, the composition and properties of which allow them to be used as raw materials or fuel. There are solid, liquid and gaseous minerals.
Minerals are found in the earth's crust in the form of accumulations, which are theirdeposit. Today we will go to one of the deposits.
Mystery.
- What did you learn about this mineral in the lessons of the world around you?
Student messages
Oil was formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago underground.
Oil is a thick oily liquid. She has a strong smell. Getting into the water, it spreads a thin film on its surface.
People have known about the existence of oil since ancient times. Sometimes when digging a well, instead of water, a dark oily liquid with a pungent odor came out of the ground - oil. This liquid had a remarkable property - it burned beautifully. It was poured into lamps, used in military affairs to make "fiery arrows" and "fire pots", used to lubricate wheels and mechanisms. That was until the invention of the engine.
Teacher's message
Today, oil is one of the most important minerals for mankind, which is used to produce gasoline, kerosene, plastics, paints, fabrics, medicines, etc. It is considered"black gold" , at a price it is not inferior to the yellow metal.
Exercise 1.
- People of what profession are engaged in the search for deposits? (geologists )
- Find oil fields on the map of Russia. (Sakhalin Island, Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia)
- Who is replacing the geologists? (drillers )
- Drillers builddrilling rigs and drill deepwells . Well drilling is one of the main operations in oil production. Oil is pumped out by special pumps intooil storage, and then bypipeline am, on special ships -tanker ah or intank x it is delivered tooil refineries.
Task 2.
Consider the photographs and determine what technological operations for the extraction and transportation of oil are depicted on them?
Task 3.
- Carefully consider the design of the drilling rig. A drilling rig is a structure above a well, designed to lower and raise drilling tools, instruments, pipes.In its shape, it looks like a pyramid, sometimes as high as a 13-14-storey building. It has 4 legs, on which three platforms are attached. For greater strength, the legs are fastened together with specialrods. Details of the drilling rig are made of pipes, when assembled they are connected with bolts.
Task 4.
-What is the best material for creating a model of an oil rig? Why? What should be the tower? (steady, mobile, strong)
Task 5.
What form of work will you choose? Why? Distribute responsibilities.
Task 6.
- Consider the model of the drilling rig. Determine what parts of the designer are needed in its manufacture, select these parts. Pick up the tools you need to assemble the model.
Task 7.
- Independent drawing up of a work plan based on a drawing. Product assembly.
Task 8.
Diagnostics of the quality of mastering the topic
Add suggestions:
Black gold is ……………………………………………. .
A drilling rig is a structure above ……………………., intended for …………………………………………………..
2.Draw a symbol that indicates oil on the map.
Identify and underline the names of the professions of people who are involved in oil production:
Miner Geologist Driller Pharmacist
Determine the sequence for the extraction and transportation of oil:
… Drilling of the wells;
… Search for oil fields;
… transportation of oil through pipelines;
… preparation of deposits for development.