The reign of Khrushchev (1953-1964) is the only period in Soviet history that people remember with kind words. The hero of the article is Khrushchev's son Leonid, whose biography is still the subject of controversy among historians who have not come to a consensus.
Parents
It is known for certain that the young man was born on the territory of modern Donbass - in the village of metallurgists Yuzovka, three days after the October Revolution. Date of birth - 11/10/1917. He was the youngest son of Nikita Sergeevich and Efrosinya Ivanovna Khrushchev (nee Pisarev). 02/07/1914 in the documents of the Nicholas Church of the Bakhmut district (the Rutchenkovskiy mine) there is a record of their official marriage registration. Until Nikita Sergeevich retires, this union will be the only documented one.
Efrosinya was one of the five daughters of the owner of the house, at which Khrushchev was "dining" at that time. Leonid in childhood almost did not remember his father. In 1918, he went to the Civil War to fight for the Bolsheviks, and his wife went to the Kursk province, to his parents. In 1920, she died of typhus, leaving her daughter Yulia, born in 1915, to her husband. and son. A photo of the woman can be seen in the article below. For Nikita Sergeevich, this was a heavy blow, from which he would recover only after 4 years, having created a new family.
Childhood
The children stayed with their grandparents until their father took them to him. His party career went uphill, and in 1931 Khrushchev moved to Moscow. Yulia and Nikita Sergeevich's new wife, Nina Kukharchuk, had a good relationship, which cannot be said about Leonid. He actually grew up on the street, being left to himself. After graduating from seven classes, he entered the FZU, at 17 he began working at the factory.
Leonid Khrushchev enjoyed great success with women. By the age of twenty, he had already left two cohabitants, and one with a child in her arms. Both were Jewish. With Rosalia Treivas, an actress, he even signed, but his father defiantly tore up the marriage certificate. Esfir Etinger, the daughter of an aircraft designer, in 1935 gave birth to his son Yuri, who all his life bore the patronymic and surname of Leonid Khrushchev. A year earlier, his father had been appointed First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee, which provided his son with new opportunities.
"Youth - to the sky!"
Stalin's call to aviation had an effect on the "golden youth" of his time. The sons of the first persons studied at the VVA them. Zhukovsky. It was very honorable, they were equal. With his education, Leonid Khrushchev could not qualify for Zhukovka, but went to the Civil Air Fleet pilot school (Balashov). After graduating from it in 1937, he was enrolled in the academy, but did not sit down at his desk. In 1939, he voluntarily joined the Red Army, continuing his studies at the EVASH (Engels aviation school).
During the Soviet-Finnish war, he volunteered for the front, flying Ar-2 bombers. The commander of the air division gave an excellent description of the lieutenant who took part in the bombing
Myth one - the first conviction
In 1938, his father (N. S. Khrushchev) was transferred to Ukraine, where he went with a promotion. A year later, Leonid married the pilot of the Moscow flying club, Lyubov Sizykh, and in January 1940, their daughter Yulia was born. The wife resembled her own husband in character: a fearless parachutist, famously handling a motorcycle. He, too, was reputed to be bold and even reckless. He could move on his hands along the bridge supports from one bank of the Dnieper to the other. The young woman already had a child, but this did not prevent Nikita Sergeevich from accepting the choice of his son.
It was during these years, according to the memoirs of Sergo Beria, that Leonid Khrushchev, the son of Nikita Khrushchev, contacted criminals. The gang was engaged in robbery attacks and was exposed on the eve of the war. Many were shot, and the son of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine allegedly received 10 years in prison. So the first myth was born, which does not find any documentary evidence. In the personal file of L. Khrushchev, stored in the archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Podolsk), there is no mention of a criminal record in the original autobiography.
The beginning of the war
From the first day of the war, like other "Kremlin lieutenants" - the Mikoyan brothers, Timur Frunze, Vasily Stalin, the son of Nikita Sergeyevich went to the front. For the first two months, the regiment flew without cover, losing most of its pilots. The German aces, who had flight practice in Europe, were opposed by yesterday's graduates of schools, who sat at the helm for the first time.
Among them, the already experienced and fearless Khrushchev stood out. Leonid fought in the 134th air regiment (46th division), having made 27 sorties in July alone. Having completed the task of destroying the bridge across the river, he was presented with a combat award. To receive the Order of the Red Banner at the beginning of the war was a real rarity. On January 9, 1942, his plane was shot down and landed on neutral territory. The crew was rescued, but the pilot was seriously injured. As a result of an open fracture, the bone broke through the boot, and the hospital was preparing for an operation to amputate the leg.
Treatment in Kuibyshev
For a young man, life without heaven was impossible. Eyewitnesses say that he, threatening the doctors with a gun, demanded that they refuse the operation. I lay in bed for two months, but the young organism coped. The lameness due to the fact that one leg has become a little shorter than the other will remain with him until the end of his days. The pilot was sent to Kuibyshev, where the best luminaries of medicine were evacuated. The family also lived here. Nikita Sergeevich personally came from the front to visit his wounded son, whom he treated with special tenderness.
Leonid Khrushchev found himself in the same room with Ruben Ibarruri. In the hospital he met Stepan Mikoyan, who became the main eyewitness to his Kuibyshev period of life. According to Mikoyan, the wounded pilots often drank, made friends with the dancers of the Bolshoi Theater, evacuated to the city. At the end of the rehabilitation, they were involved in a drunken story with a tragic ending.
Myth two: second conviction
At one of the parties, young people arranged a real game of Russian roulette. A naval officer, who learned that Leonid Khrushchev was a great shooter, suggested that he hit a bottle on his head with a pistol. The shooter pierced the neck. This did not suit the sailor, and he forced the pilot to repeat the attraction. With the second shot, Khrushchev hit right in the forehead, killing the officer. tells this story from other people's words, not being an eyewitness to what is happening. The fact that his brother had some dubious story was also said by his sister
In the memoirs of Khrushchev's opponents (all of which appeared after his death), it is said that Nikita Sergeevich personally begged forgiveness from Stalin for his son. But he was still sentenced to 8 years with serving his sentence at the front.
Was it or wasn't it?
Not a single journalistic investigation of this fact was successful. There is no documentary evidence either. Rumors about the incident are so varied that it is impossible to draw any conclusions. All subsequent events violate the logic of imposing any punishment on the pilot, because in the fall of 1942 he was sent not to the penal battalion, but to retraining, retraining as a fighter pilot. In November, he passes the exam with a mark of "good", receives under his command a link and shoulder straps of a senior lieutenant. Moreover, he arrives in the army with a weapon, which, if convicted, would be confiscated.
Leonid Khrushchev, whose biography is today the subject of close study, continued to fight in the 18th air regiment, switching to the maneuverable Yak-7. He got practice by ferrying aircraft from a military factory to the front. Experts say that in order to master new technology, the pilot needs time, and he didn’t have it during the war years.
Events March 11, 1943
There is evidence that Khrushchev was transferred to the Army Headquarters, but he refused. Heaven was his calling. During his service, he made 172 sorties, but only 32 - on a fighter (the flight time was only 4 hours 27 minutes). 11. 03. 1943 two planes flew to the Zhizdra area for reconnaissance of troops. In a couple, he was a follower. In place of the leader - art. Lieutenant Zamorin, who became the main witness to the events of the historic battle, from which the son of a prominent party leader was not destined to return.
The fighters met four Fokkers, who attacked the Soviet pilots in pairs. Only the flight commander returned from a combat mission on a damaged fighter. The mystery of the death of Leonid Khrushchev is connected with two circumstances: changes in the testimony of I. Zamorin and the inability to find the remains of the Yak-7 aircraft due to swampy terrain and air combat over enemy territory.
Ivan Zamorin's testimony
The first report was written by the senior lieutenant after visiting the headquarters of the regiment. In it, he indicated: pursuing the Fokker, he let L. Khrushchev's plane out of sight. I only saw how he went into a tailspin, rushing to the ground. Later, the partisans organized searches for the remains of the aircraft, which were unsuccessful. First, the father was informed that the eldest son was missing. A month later, on the night of April 12, Stalin personally expressed condolences to his comrade-in-arms, saying that there was no more hope. In June, the father received the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree for his son (posthumously).
In the 80s, rumors began to spread about how Leonid Khrushchev got to the Germans. Allegedly, he remained alive and was captured, becoming a traitor. Rumors appeared before, therefore, after an investigation was carried out into the death of the pilot (investigator Tokarev S.I.), during which no evidence of his betrayal was found. Zamorin changed his testimony, saying that the wingman saved him by throwing his Yak-7 in front of the Fokker's fire attack. The plane actually disintegrated in the air. He explained his previous report: the command of the regiment was afraid of responsibility for not saving the son of a high-ranking official, so they preferred to present him as missing.
Version of betrayal
Military journalist I. Stadnyuk, historians G. Kumanev, N. Dobryukha, writer F. Chuev and some others adhere to the version that Leonid Khrushchev was shot. They refer to the fact that N. Khrushchev destroyed documents incriminating his son during his reign. Referring to the testimonies of the NKVD generals (V. Udilov), Molotov, the son of Beria, they describe the picture of how the pilot managed to eject, having fallen into enemy captivity. There he began to give evidence that undermined the security of the country. Stalin ordered the SMERSH special group to steal the traitor. The operation was successful, and Khrushchev's son was taken to Moscow.
The father on his knees begged for forgiveness, but Stalin relied on the decision of the members of the Politburo, who sentenced the traitor to death. It was carried out. This explains the hatred of N. S. Khrushchev for the members of the Central Committee: Beria is shot, the Shcherbakovsky district of Moscow is renamed, and Kaganovich, Molotov and Malenkov are sent into exile. An indirect confirmation of the version can be the arrest of Lyubov Sizykh in 1943 and sending her to camps on charges of espionage. Subsequently, it turned out that these two events are in no way connected with each other.
Official version
Self-confident, stubborn and cheerful, the 25-year-old youth became a hostage to the confrontation between Nikita Khrushchev, the main author of the "thaw" of the 60s, and the NKVD generals, who did everything to denigrate the name of the former First Secretary. Drawing an analogy with the fate of Yakov Dzhugashvili, who was captured to the Germans, after the capture of the son of a high political figure, one should have expected the reaction of the Nazis: propaganda leaflets, radio messages, any hype. But there are no sources from the German side confirming the presence of the pilot in captivity.
The stories about how Leonid Khrushchev was killed also differ. His execution is described in different ways by "eyewitnesses", while Metrostroy employees found the wreckage of the Yak-7 aircraft, which matches the number of the Art. lieutenant. Data about this is stored in the archives of the city of Podolsk. On the mass grave of the city of Zhizdra, the name of Khrushchev is mentioned, which gives reason to talk about his burial in the area of \u200b\u200bdeath.
Afterword
His relatives and those who personally knew him do not believe in the betrayal of the young pilot. Son Yuri and granddaughter Nina demanded a public refutation of the information that is given in many publications without reference to any documents. Direct command, comrades-in-arms, including the equipment of the Yak-7 aircraft, give the most flattering characteristics to the pilot: Leonid Nikitovich Khrushchev was a brave and fearless man. He was eager to fight, not hiding behind the backs of his comrades, and the report of I. Zamorin is another confirmation of this. The reputation of a hero is more important than the pursuit of cheap sensations. Conducting additional research is a matter of honor for historians who must put an end to the spread of speculation and rumors.
Most readers know only one son of N. S. Khrushchev - Sergei, a very prosperous person who has been living in the USA for a long time. Very few people heard about the existence of his older half-brother Leonid until about the end of the 1980s. Nikita Khrushchev himself never mentioned him. However, in memoirs, documentaries, newspaper and magazine publications of recent years, a huge amount of information has appeared on the fate of Leonid Khrushchev. Officially, senior lieutenant Leonid Khrushchev is listed as missing during an air battle on March 11, 1943 near the village of Mashutino near the town of Zhizdra, Oryol region. Most of the published materials not only refute the death of the pilot in battle, but also claim that he voluntarily surrendered and was then shot as a traitor. Numerous arguments cited by the authors do not complement, and often simply contradict each other. Which version is true or at least somewhat close to the truth? In the late 1990s, first Leonid's half-brother Sergei, and then Leonid's son Yuri and granddaughter Nina living in the United States, publicly announced that all published materials about the betrayal of Leonid Khrushchev were lies, and through the legal authorities demanded denials. The Khrushchevs claimed that during the life of Nikita Sergeevich there were no publications about the betrayal of his son, since he would have denied them; there is also no documentary evidence of the conviction of Leonid. In addition, the family never talked about anything like that - the children always knew from their parents that Leonid died heroically in an air battle. Indeed, documents confirming the guilt of Leonid Khrushchev in one way or another were never found anywhere by any of the researchers. Some explain this by a thorough purge of state and party archives, which was carried out by N. S. Khrushchev at the very beginning of his reign. All materials compromising him in any way were confiscated and, most likely, destroyed. Some of the former employees of the Kremlin guard claim that a special aircraft of a special air detachment often traveled between Kyiv and Moscow, delivering documents to Nikita Sergeevich, which he got rid of with relief. Nevertheless, documents relating to L. Khrushchev, stitched and numbered, are stored in Central archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the city of Podolsk. An appeal to them, and in particular to the personal file of Senior Lieutenant L. N. Khrushchev, does not provide any evidence that he was ever convicted. In the original autobiography written by Leonid Khrushchev on May 22, 1940, one can read: “I was born in the Donbass (Stalino) on November 10, 1917 in a working class family. Before the revolution, my father worked as a mechanic in the mines and the Bosse factory. Currently a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine. There are no relatives abroad. Married. His wife works as a navigator-pilot of a flying club squadron in Moscow. The wife's father is a worker. Brother - Air Force serviceman, Odessa. Sister is a housewife. He received general and special education while studying at the seven-year school, FZU, the school of pilots of the Civil Air Fleet, at the preparatory course of the academy. He graduated from the Civil Air Fleet School in 1937. In the Red Army, voluntarily since February 1939, a student of the preparatory course of the VVA them. Zhukovsky. From February 1940 - EVASCH (Engels Military Aviation School). He was not abroad, he was not on trial. ”Although there is no information about a criminal record in his autobiography, some legends, which are many not only about the death of Leonid Khrushchev, but also about his whole life, say that he was convicted, and more than once. Many authors portray Leonid Khrushchev as a man capable of both betrayal and murder. So, Sergo Beria in his book “My father is Lavrenty Beria” claims that even before the war, the son of Nikita Khrushchev contacted a gang of criminals who traded in murders and robberies. For the crimes committed, his accomplices were shot, and Leonid himself, being the son of a high-ranking statesman, got off with ten years in prison. However, there are no traces of the ten years of imprisonment mentioned by the son of Lavrenty Beria in any of the documents. As you know, after studying at EVASH, Leonid Khrushchev, having received the first military rank of lieutenant, was appointed junior pilot in the 134th air regiment of high-speed bombers Moscow military district. And already in the first months of 1941 he bravely fought, which is documented. In the presentation of the commander of the 46th Air Division for awarding the Order of the Red Banner, it is said: “Comrade. Khrushchev has 12 sorties. Courageous, fearless pilot. In an air battle on 07/06/41, he bravely fought with enemy fighters until their attack was repulsed. From the battle of Comrade. Khrushchev came out with a riddled car." No less positive is his combat characteristic dated January 9, 1942: “Disciplined. The piloting technique on SB and AR-2 aircraft is excellent. In the air, calm and prudent. Tireless in battle, fearless, always eager to fight. He spent two months on the Western Front in the initial period, i. That is, in the most difficult period, when the regiment flew without cover. He made 27 sorties over enemy troops. In battle, he was shot down by the enemy and broke his leg during landing. Leonid Khrushchev, who was injured, was immediately taken to a hospital in Kuibyshev, where the families of many senior workers were then evacuated. It is to this period of his life that another story belongs, the reliability of which is still in question. She tells that in 1942 in Kuibyshev, in a drunken stupor, Leonid Khrushchev allegedly shot a naval officer, was convicted and sent to the front line. In her book Children of the Kremlin, Larisa Vasilyeva writes about this: “Stalin was informed that Khrushchev’s son, Leonid, a military pilot with the rank of senior lieutenant, had shot a Red Army major while intoxicated.” Stepan Mikoyan, the son of A. I. Mikoyan, clarifies: “There was a party, there was some kind of sailor from the front. Well, they started talking about who shoots how. The sailor insisted that Leonid knocked a bottle off his head ... He fired and beat off the neck. The sailor insisted: hit the bottle. And he fired a second time and hit that sailor in the forehead. He was given 8 years with departure at the front. The tragic case of shooting at a bottle is confirmed by other eyewitnesses of the event. However, they all only heard that “either Lenya shot, or they shot at him, or he was only present at the same time.” Therefore, the version of the murder of a naval officer, again, has no documentary evidence. In addition, after his recovery, Leonid Khrushchev was sent not to a penal battalion, as many wrote, but for retraining in a training aviation regiment, after which he was appointed commander of the 18th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. The regiment had a good training base, and the young pilot, who had previously fought in bomber aircraft, quickly got used to the new place. Soon he began to participate in combat missions on the Yak-7B aircraft. True, it was rumored that Leonid Nikitovich allegedly went to the front in order to avoid punishment for a brawl with a brawl and an accidental murder. Others resolutely did not believe such a slander: “Leonid is a man of the most honest soul, he simply fell into the millstones of circumstances at a time when they didn’t break off like that either.” In any case, the son of an important statesman did not sit in the rear, and went to the front himself - this is already worthy of respect. Leonid Khrushchev got into the new air regiment just a few days before his last flight. In the fatal battle for him, Khrushchev, on his Yak-7B, was the wingman, the leader - one of the best combat pilots of the Zamorin regiment. The link was attacked by two German Focke-Wulf-190 fighters. At an altitude of 2500 meters, an air battle ensued - a couple for a couple. There are still too many legends about the last battle of the guards of Senior Lieutenant Khrushchev. The two versions are the most popular. According to the first, he was shot down, he managed to jump out with a parachute, landed on the territory occupied by the Germans and surrendered. According to the second, he was not shot down, but simply voluntarily flew to an enemy airfield. In one newspaper they even wrote that “he flew over to the Germans with his entire unit ...” The leader, Senior Lieutenant Zamorin, gives three versions regarding that fatal battle, and all are different! As Zamorin himself later admitted, it was scary - both he and the command of the regiment were afraid of punishment for not saving the son of a member of the Politburo. Therefore, in the first report, Zamorin writes that Khrushchev's plane fell into a tailspin, in the second - that Leonid, saving him, substituted his plane under the turn of the Focke-Wulf, in the third - that in the heat of battle he did not notice at all what happened to his wingman . Already after the war, and even after the death of the former leader of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev, Zamorin sent a letter addressed to Marshal of the Soviet Union Ustinov, in which he admitted: “I kept silent in the report that when the German FV-190 rushed to my car in attack, going under my right wing from below, Lenya Khrushchev, in order to save me from death, threw his plane across the Fokker's fire salvo. After an armor-piercing strike, Khrushchev's plane literally crumbled before my eyes! .. That is why it was impossible to find any traces of this catastrophe on the ground. Moreover, the authorities did not immediately order to search - our battle took place over the territory occupied by the Germans. Nevertheless, in Zamorin’s letter, one thing is indisputable - the former leader tried his best to save the reputation of the deceased follower, tried to protect his partner from accusations of betrayal and explain why nothing was found on earth. In a sad message, with which exactly a month after the incident - April 11 1943 - the commander of the 1st Air Army, Lieutenant General Khudyakov, addressed a member of the Military Council of the Voronezh Front, Lieutenant General Khrushchev, a picture of the battle was reproduced and a version was put forward that Leonid Khrushchev fell into a tailspin: “For a month we did not lose hope for the return of your son,” Khudyakov reported, “but the circumstances under which he did not return, and the period that has passed since that time, force us to draw the sad conclusion that your son, Senior Lieutenant Khrushchev Leonid Nikitovich, died a heroic death in an air battle against the German invaders ". The most thorough searches organized by Khudyakov from the air and through the partisans (did the Soviet pilot fall into German captivity?) yielded no results. Leonid Khrushchev seemed to have fallen through the ground - neither the wreckage of the aircraft nor the remains of the pilot could be found. What happened to L. Khrushchev's plane has not yet been reliably clarified and is unlikely to succeed. Probably, information about this does not exist at all, or they are in archives inaccessible for research. According to some information, exhaustive information was contained in the dossier on N. S. Khrushchev, kept in Stalin's personal archive, but where this dossier is located and whether it is intact is unknown.
The name of Nikita Khrushchev is strongly associated with Ukraine and Kyiv. Some recall his ignorance and lack of education, multiplied by rudeness and authoritarianism. Others, on the contrary, say that only under him they truly felt like a Soviet person. First, they attribute to him the defeat of the creative thought of the intelligentsia. Others speak of significant developments in science during his reign.
Within the framework of one article, it is impossible to assess his activities, but it is possible to find one of the reasons for his “versatility”. Moreover, as always, a woman is involved in this. And not just a woman, but a mother named Xenia.
History shows that on April 17, 1894, a son was born in the Khrushchev family, living in the village of Kalinovka, Kursk province, who received the name Nikita. Poor landless young parents, in search of a more or less tolerable life, moved to Yuzovka (now Donetsk) to feed themselves in the industrial Donbass. Poverty was such that they did not even think of a brother or sister for Nikitushka.
Only two years later, sister Ira appeared, after which Ksenia Ivanovna “put an end” to this issue. According to the memoirs of the last daughter-in-law, Khrushchev's mother considered her husband a loser and mediocrity all her life.
“His mother was a woman with a strong will, a woman fighter. - Nina Petrovna Kukharchuk recalled. - Brave, not afraid of anyone. Father - he is much softer, kinder, but she did not let anyone down. He is soft and weak, and she kept him under her heel.
It was the mother who insisted that her son go to the mine and, not only to earn money, but also to find himself in society. She herself sent her son to the mine for dangerous work also so that he would become a big man, and not worthless, like his father. Khrushchev owed everything to maternal education. As Nikita Sergeevich himself recalled: “Mother did everything so that I would not become addicted to either tobacco or vodka.” Only, during the period of work in Moscow, at the “Stalinist gatherings”, he was forced to use it together with everyone, otherwise ...
It is worth citing one interesting fact from his biography. Khrushchev’s son-in-law Alexei Adzhubei cited the following conversation with his father-in-law in his memoirs: “When I was little,” Nikita Sergeevich said in an unusual thoughtful manner, “and grazing cows in a clearing in the forest, an old woman approached me. I looked into my eyes for a long time, I was even dumbfounded. And I heard strange words from her: Boy, a great future awaits you. This story, then still Nikitushka, told his mother. Subsequently, this fact was confirmed when Lyubov Sizykh (the last, third wife of Nikita Sergeevich’s son from his first marriage, Leonid) spoke about a conversation with her mother-grandmother, as Ksenia Ivanovna was called in the family: “Ksenia idolized her son, called him king and boasted that she always I knew that Nikita would make a big man.
In 1932, Khrushchev took his parents to Moscow. And if Sergei Nikanorovich could not find himself in the capital, as in the "House on the Embankment", then the mother fell "in her element." Almost all the days she, along with her neighbors, mothers of the same party functionaries, sat on a bench near the entrance and talked about her son, about his first children. History does not like subjunctive moods and assumptions, but I do not exclude the possibility that these conversations about the son whom she loved and who loved Stalin reached the addressee ...
She loved her son's mother not only as her child, but also as a "big man." At the same time, as all the other members of the household recall, she immediately took a dislike to Nina Petrovna, because she believed that Efrosinya Ivanovna, Frosya, the mother of Leni and Yulia, was Nikita's best wife (the first wife died of typhus in 1919). The second wife, Marusya, again, according to the recollections, she simply survived from home. Both the last daughter-in-law and the (second) grandchildren gave the following description of Ksenia Ivanovna: “Khrushchev’s mother, broad-faced, stern in appearance, with smoothly combed back hair, was a strong woman. Ksenia was not just smart, but a truly wise woman. If she had at least some education - oh, it would be something.
In 1938, Sergei Nikanorovich died of tuberculosis, who was buried not in the prestigious Moscow cemetery, but in the one closest to the house (most likely, on Vagankovsky). After the funeral of his father, neither the son nor the wife were ever at his grave, which has not been found today ... And then came 1939, the year of the beginning of the Ukrainian stage in the life of Nikita Sergeevich and his large family. He could not live alone, without his wife, all his children and, of course, his mother. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the entire Khrushchev family, with the exception of Leonid Khrushchev and Nikita Sergeevich himself, was sent to evacuate to Kuibyshev, under the guidance, of course, of the “mother-grandmother”.
Having again become the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (b), in September 1944 he returned his family to his native Kyiv. Khrushchev is again in the orbit of power, he is proud of the country and the republic, which has not yet been completely liberated from the German-Romanian occupiers. A glorious date is approaching in the life of any political figure - the 50th anniversary. There was already hope that by the round date the leader's "favor" would appear. But. This notorious but always makes its own adjustments, and even changes the way of life.
On February 29, 1944, General Nikolai Vatutin was seriously wounded, but not yet fatal. True to his adventurism, or rather, self-confidence, Nikita Sergeevich convinces Moscow that the Kyiv doctors will not only save the legendary commander, but also put him on his feet.
Alas, in such cases, procrastination is like death. On April 15, the heart of a talented commander, a favorite of the troops and people, stopped. And on April 17, on the day of his half-century anniversary, instead of a holiday in his honor, Nikita Khrushchev escorts General Vatutin on his last journey. Ksenia Ivanovna, true to her mother's instinct, was very worried that the death of one of Stalin's favorite generals could "put an end" to her son's future career. But, again, but. Here, so to speak, Khrushchev was played along by Zhukov, who after the death of Vatutin became the commander of the 1st Ukrainian, at the head of which he took Berlin.
Through the efforts of Zhukov-Khrushchev, a version was circulated that initially Vatutin's wound was fatal. However, the experiences of the mother, and even at that age, affected her health. Literally six months after moving to Kyiv, she died. Unlike her father, her mother was buried in the central alley of the Lukyanovka cemetery. Being already the head of the state, Nikita Sergeevich very often visited his native grave. Remembering his proletarian origin, he forbade a monument to be erected on her grave.
Today, the grave of Khrushchev's mother is included in the register of historical monuments of Kyiv. It should also be noted that two people were buried in one grave: mother-in-law and son-in-law, i.e. Gontar Victor Petrovich, husband of the eldest daughter Yulia, former director of the Kyiv Opera, whom she loved so much.
We don’t know how and in what way the “Khrushchevites” of Ukraine will remember the name of Nikita Sergeevich on April 17, but if we talk about him and his deeds, then it’s probably worth saying a word about his mother ... But not a word was said about her ... It’s a pity which was not previously said about the mother of a person who entered world history. What do we know about her. We know that she was born on February 6 (January 24), 1872, and died on March 23, 1945. But from April 17, 1894, until her death, she was also her son's guardian angel, his connoisseur and his only judge ... http://www.bagnet.org/news/politics/41837
Family of Nikita Khrushchev
Khrushchev - a rarity among members of the Politburo - was a father of many children, raised five children. As a young man in Yuzovka (now Donetsk), he married Efrosinya Ivanovna Pisareva, a beautiful red-haired woman. She died in 1919 of typhus, leaving Nikita Sergeevich with two children, Yulia and Leonid. He remarried Nina Petrovna Kukharchuk, a calm woman with a strong character, who gave birth to three - Rada, Sergey and Elena.
Elena was in poor health and died at the age of 35. Leonid Khrushchev, military pilot, died at the front.
Yulia Khrushcheva (1916-1981) was married to the director of the Kyiv Opera and was a chemist by profession.
Nina Kukharchuk was born into a Ukrainian family in the village of Vasilev in the Kholm region, which at that time was part of the Russian Empire. Her father, Pyotr Vasilyevich, was an ordinary peasant. Mother - Ekaterina Grigoryevna Bondarchuk - also came from a simple peasant family.
Nina Kukharchuk met Nikita Khrushchev in 1922 in Yuzovka. There she worked as a teacher in the district party school. There they began to live as a family. And they will register their marriage only after Khrushchev is sent to retire, in 1965.
When Nina Khrushcheva became the "first lady" of the state, she participated in Khrushchev's foreign trips, met with the first persons of other states and their wives, which was not accepted in the USSR before her. Nina Khrushcheva was fluent in Russian, Ukrainian, Polish and French. Wikipedia says that she was still studying English, but does not indicate the degree of proficiency in it.
Nikita Sergeevich and Nina Petrovna were good parents and had a happy family. Nina Petrovna survived Nikita Sergeevich (died in 1971) and daughter Elena. She lived at the state dacha in Zhukovka, had a pension of 200 rubles.
Now a little about the two most famous children of the Khrushchevs: Rada and Sergei. They have achieved a lot in this life. There is no doubt that their parents gave them a good start. But, as we know, no status of parents will help if the parents did not take care of the child and if he does not have abilities. And Nina Khrushcheva, that same woman in a simple cotton dress, was able to raise worthy and good children.
Rada graduated from school with a gold medal in Kyiv. After leaving school, she entered the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, later transferred to the established Faculty of Journalism, which she graduated in 1952. During her studies, she met Alexei Adzhubey, whom she married in 1949. In this marriage, she gave birth to three sons (Nikita, Alexei and Ivan). With her husband, they kept an excellent relationship while they were together. Alexei Ivanovich treated his wife affectionately and tenderly.
The Khrushchev Rada has always been modest. No one would have thought that she was the daughter of the master of the country. All her life she worked in the journal Science and Life, headed the department of biology and medicine, then became deputy editor-in-chief. Deciding that journalism education is not enough, she graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Moscow University.
In 1956, she was appointed deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine. During her work, the journal became one of the best popular science journals in the Soviet Union. After Khrushchev was removed from his post, her husband fell into disgrace and began working as a department editor in the Soviet Union magazine, as well as publishing in various publications under a pseudonym, Rada Adzhubey continued to work in the editorial office of the magazine until 2004.
True, for more than twenty years her name was not mentioned in the list of the editorial board of the magazine ... She was an intelligent and educated woman. Lived a decent life. She died at the age of 87.
The second child of Nina and Nikita Khrushchev, Sergei, is a Soviet and Russian scientist, publicist, doctor of technical sciences, professor, Hero of Socialist Labor.
In 1952 he graduated from Moscow School No. 110 with a gold medal, graduated from the Faculty of Electrovacuum Engineering and Special Instrumentation of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute with a degree in Automatic Control Systems. He worked at OKB Chelomey as a deputy head of a department, deputy director of the Institute of Electronic Control Machines (INEUM), deputy general director of NPO Elektronmash.
When his father was removed, Sergei Nikitich Khrushchev also lost his beloved job. He did a great job - he persuaded his father to dictate his memoirs. The four-volume notes of Nikita Sergeevich are an invaluable source on the history of the Fatherland.
In 1991, S. N. Khrushchev was invited to Brown University (USA) to lecture on the history of the Cold War, in which he now specializes. Remained permanently in the United States, currently lives in Providence, Rhode Island, has Russian and American (since 1999) citizenship. He is a professor at the Thomas Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University.
He published a number of his own books with memories of the historical events he witnessed, and with his own balanced assessment of what was happening: "A pensioner of allied significance", "The Birth of a Superpower". In his works, he adheres to a clear anti-Stalinist position. Currently working on books about "Khrushchev's reforms". The books have been translated into 12 foreign languages. One of the screenwriters of the film "Grey Wolves" (Mosfilm, 1993).
Divorced from his first wife, Galina Shumova. The second wife, Valentina Nikolaevna Golenko, lives with Sergei Nikitich in the USA. The eldest son Nikita, a journalist and editor of Moscow News, died on February 22, 2007 in Moscow. The youngest son Sergei lives in Moscow. foto-history.livejournal.com/8115525.html
Prepared by Nikolai Zubashenko based on Internet materials
N. S. Khrushchev with his first wife E. I. Pisareva.
For the first time, Nikita Khrushchev married at the age of 20 to the beautiful Efrosinya Pisareva, who gave her husband two weather children, Yulia and Leonid. The son was only three years old when Nikita Sergeevich's first wife died of typhus. Julia and Leonid were initially brought up by their grandmother, and after their father's marriage to Nina Kukharchuk, they began to live in his new family. Later, the Khrushchev family was replenished with three more children.
N. S. Khrushchev with children from his first marriage, Julia and Leonid. The eldest daughter of Nikita Khrushchev, Yulia, immediately accepted her stepmother. She never called her mother, only Nina Petrovna, but the relationship between them was very warm. Julia dreamed of becoming an architect and even entered a specialized institute, but her health did not allow her to graduate. Julia fell ill with tuberculosis, she had to be treated for a long time, but she had to forget about her studies. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, a young woman underwent a complex lung operation, which allowed her to live another 40 years.
Julia worked as a laboratory chemist, was married to Viktor Petrovich Gontar, who worked as director of the Kyiv Opera House. They lived a happy life together, only the spouses did not have children. Julia passed away at the age of 65, only 10 years outliving her father.
Leonid and Yulia Khrushchev. Unlike his older sister, Leonid was never able to establish a normal relationship with his stepmother. They were very different: calm and conflict-free Nina Petrovna and explosive emotional Leonid. He was capable of any pranks and hooliganism. Perhaps it was because of this that rumors and speculation constantly arose around him.
After graduating from school, the young man entered the FZU, began working as a mechanic at the factory. However, after the transfer of Nikita Khrushchev to Moscow, Leonid enters the Balashov School of Civil Aviation. The young cadet was very attractive, which allowed him to be successful with women. Rosa Treivas became his first wife, but the daughter-in-law did not come to the court of an influential father and the marriage was immediately terminated.
At the same time, Nikita Khrushchev demanded that his son recognize the child born to Esther Etinger. The son of Leonid and Esfir, Yuri, later became a test pilot, died in 2003 after an accident.
The second legal wife of Leonid in 1939 was Lyubov Sizykh. She was amazingly suited to her husband, skydiving, skillfully driving a motorcycle. But at the same time, Love was distinguished by a more rational approach to life and managed to slightly curb the violent temper of her husband. Her son from her first marriage was already growing up, and soon after the marriage, their joint daughter Julia was born. At this time, Nikita Sergeevich was already the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine.
Leonid Khrushchev and Lyubov Sizykh. Rumors about Leonid's involvement in gangster groups engaged in robberies are associated with this period. Some historians insist that Leonid Khrushchev was prosecuted for this. Others argue that there was nothing of the kind, since no document was found according to which Leonid Khrushchev was held accountable for criminal or any other crimes. The only mention of this is only in Sergo Beria's book "My father is Lavrenty Beria". Khrushchev's relatives all, as one, argue: Leonid's connection with dubious personalities and his participation in crimes is an outright lie. Historians have not come to a consensus on this issue.
Be that as it may, Leonid Nikitovich began his military service back in the Finnish war, and from the first days of the Great Patriotic War he was already at the front, sitting at the helm of a bomber. He fought heroically and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. After being wounded, he was sent for treatment to Kuibyshev, where at that time the whole family of Nikita Khrushchev was. In the fall of 1942, Leonid Khrushchev accidentally killed a sailor by shooting at a bottle on the latter's head.
He was sentenced to 8 years with serving a sentence at the front, then a similar practice was used. Returning to the front, Leonid Nikitovich boarded a fighter and again fought bravely. In March 1943, while returning from a sortie, Leonid Khrushchev's plane was shot down. The area where the fighter fell was forested and swampy. Attempts to find the crash site were unsuccessful, and a month and a half later, Leonid Khrushchev was declared missing.
The fact that Leonid's body was not found also became the basis for speculation and provocation. It was even claimed that Leonid Nikitovich surrendered and then began to cooperate with the Germans. However, the witness of the crash of Khrushchev's plane, pilot I. A. Zamorin, claims that the son of Nikita Sergeevich saved his life by substituting his car, which crumbled right before the eyes of the rescued, under the armor-piercing blow of the Fokker.
Nikita Khrushchev with his wife and granddaughter Yulia. Leonid's wife Lyubov Sizykh was arrested shortly after his death on charges of espionage. Among her acquaintances were numerous wives of foreign diplomats, and she herself allowed herself to go to a restaurant in the company of the French consul. After the arrest of his daughter-in-law, Nikita Khrushchev adopted his granddaughter Yulia, but the girl's half-brother was handed over to an orphanage. And even when he ran away and appeared on the threshold of the apartment where Nina Kukharchuk lived in Kuibyshev with her children, Anatoly was still returned to the orphanage.
Until the age of 17, Julia considered Nikita Sergeevich and Nina Petrovna to be her parents. She graduated from the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, worked at the Press Agency, and later headed the literary part of the Yermolova Theater. At all levels, she defended the honor and dignity of her grandfather, when already in the post-perestroika period, unpleasant programs and articles about him began to appear. She died in 2017 after being hit by a train.
Rada Adjubey. The daughter of Nikita Khrushchev and Nina Kukharchuk, Rada, was born two years after their first girl, Nadezhda, died. Rada graduated from the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, while still a student she married her classmate Alexei Adzhubey, who later became the editor-in-chief of the Izvestia newspaper. Having come to work in the journal Science and Life, she decided to get a second higher education and graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University. Having passed through all the steps of the career ladder, she became the deputy editor-in-chief and worked at Science and Life until 2004.
The second son of Nikita Sergeevich graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, became a rocket technology designer, defended his doctoral dissertation and received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1991, he was invited to the United States to lecture on the history of the Cold War. There, Sergei Nikitovich was offered favorable conditions for work and life. He decided to stay in America forever.
True, after emigrating, he was no longer engaged in science, but became a political scientist. Now he is a professor at the Institute of International Studies, lives in Providence.
Nikita Khrushchev with his daughter Elena. The youngest daughter of Nikita Sergeevich was very sick almost from childhood. In those days, systemic lupus was not yet able to be treated, but Elena fought desperately with her disease. She worked at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, was married. She died at the age of 35, a year after the death of her father.
In mid-March 2016, the world media exploded with the news "Stalin's granddaughter starred in a shocking photo shoot!".
In the photos that users found on social networks, there was an extravagant lady with bright makeup, torn tights, short shorts, “armed” with a toy machine gun.
The fact that this is exactly what the granddaughter of the Soviet leader might look like amazed many. However, this is due to the fact that the townsfolk know little about the descendants Joseph Stalin.
The woman whose pictures shook the world is called Chris Evans, and she is really the granddaughter of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.
The 43-year-old American, who lives in Oregon and owns an antiques store, is the offspring of Stalin's only daughter. Svetlana Alliluyeva.
In 1966, Svetlana Alliluyeva asked for political asylum in the United States, where she married William Peters. In 1973, the couple had a daughter, whom her mother named Olga at birth. At the same time, the girl also had an American name - Chris. Svetlana almost did not engage in raising her daughter, sending her to a boarding school.
Chris, who today bears her husband's surname, does not like to talk about her grandfather. A 100% American, Stalin's granddaughter, rarely spoke with her own mother, until her death in 2011.
Stalin's granddaughter, Chris Evans. Lives in suburban Portland, Oregon. Doesn't speak Russian. pic.twitter.com/IFu4rlJcoU
- The same Ternovsky (@dternovskiy) March 14, 2016
“Being a grandson of Stalin is a heavy cross”
Stalin has quite a few grandchildren - the eldest son, Jacob, had three children, Vasily- four, Svetlana- three. Some of the leader's grandchildren are no longer alive today.
Vasily Stalin's eldest son Alexander Burdonsky, perhaps the most famous of the second generation of the leader's heirs. The 74-year-old director of the Central Academic Theater of the Russian Army bears the title of People's Artist of Russia. About his grandfather in an interview, he said this: “Being a grandson of Stalin is a heavy cross. Never for any money will I go to play Stalin in the cinema, although they promised huge profits.
Theater director Alexander Burdonsky. Photo: RIA Novosti / Galina Kmit
The eldest son of Svetlana Alliluyeva from her marriage to Grigory Morozov Joseph Alliluev was a doctor of medical sciences, a well-known cardiologist, awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR. He rarely talked to reporters and preferred not to discuss his grandfather. Iosif Alliluyev died in November 2008 at the age of 64.
Most of Stalin's grandchildren and great-grandchildren prefer to stay away from the press, protecting their personal lives.
Nikita Khrushchev Jr. dedicated his life to journalism
The offspring of Soviet leaders scattered around the world. The youngest son of the debunker of the "cult of personality" Nikita Khrushchev Sergei lives in the USA since 1991. The great-granddaughter of the Soviet leader also lives there, Nina Lvovna Khrushcheva.
The most famous of Khrushchev's grandchildren was his full namesake, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. He lived and worked in Russia. Graduate of the Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University, Nikita Khrushchev Jr. since 1991, he worked in the Moscow News newspaper, where he was the editor of the Dossier department - an electronic archive and reference information - and also worked on the history of the newspaper and the Calendar section.
Nikita Khrushchev Jr. had no family, did not want to use his well-known surname for career purposes and did not seek to go to his father in America.
In January 2007, he went to work for the Soyuznoye Veche newspaper, the print organ of the Union State of Russia and Belarus. Literally a month later, at the age of 47, he died of a sudden brain hemorrhage.
Molotov's grandson writes books about his grandfather
Of all the descendants of the Soviet leadership, the grandson of one of Stalin's closest associates rose above all along the political line Vyacheslav Molotov— Vyacheslav Nikonov.
Vyacheslav Nikonov at the plenary session of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Photo: RIA Novosti / Vladimir Fedorenko
Vyacheslav Nikonov, 59, is a member of the State Duma and a member of the Supreme Council of the United Russia party. Oni has a doctorate in history and holds the post of dean of the Faculty of Public Administration of Moscow State University. Among the works of the historian Vyacheslav Nikonov there are also books about the life of his grandfather.
Again Brezhnev, again Secretary of the CPSU
Grandson of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Andrei Brezhnev has been active in politics since the late 1990s. In 1998, he headed the All-Russian Communist Public Movement (OKOD). Later, Andrei Brezhnev was a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, headed the New Communist Party, and in 2012 became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Social Justice (CPSU). He repeatedly participated in elections at various levels, but he did not succeed in getting elected anywhere. Today Andrei Brezhnev is 54 years old, he has two sons from his first marriage - the elder Leonid works as a translator in the military department; junior Dmitry is in the field of software sales.
Party card of a member of the Communist Party of the grandson of Leonid Brezhnev Andrei Brezhnev. Photo: RIA Novosti / Dmitry Chebotaev
Andropov's grandson was beaten on the street after returning from the USA
About the grandchildren of one of the most closed Soviet leaders, Yuri Andropov little is known.
Granddaughter Tatiana graduated from the Moscow State Academy of Choreography, worked at the Bolshoi Theater, then moved to the USA with her family. In 2009, she returned to her homeland, became the head of the Andropov Foundation for the Preservation of Historical Heritage. She had big plans, but in 2010 he died at the age of 42 from cancer.
Andropov's grandson Konstantin also lived for a long time in the United States, where he graduated from college with a degree in designer-architect. Then Konstantin returned to Russia, where he studied at the Faculty of Law of one of the capital's universities. The media remembered him in 2011, when the name of 31-year-old Konstantin Andropov appeared in the reports of the criminal chronicle. Unknown persons attacked him on the street and beat him. As a result, the grandson of the Secretary General ended up in the hospital. Most of all, journalists were interested in the fact that the case of the attack was assigned to be handled by an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs by the name of Brezhnev. True, he had nothing to do with the Soviet General Secretary.
Gorbachev's granddaughters exchanged social life for family
Granddaughters of the first and last president of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, unlike the rest of the descendants of Soviet leaders, are quite well known to the general public.
Xenia Virganskaya-Gorbacheva now 36 years old, Anastasia Virganskaya– 29. Both of them tried themselves on the podium in their youth, but then settled down. Ksenia was married to a businessman Kirill Solod but this marriage broke up. She got married in 2009 Dmitry Pyrchenkov, former concert director of the singer Abraham Russo.
Granddaughter of ex-president of the USSR M. Gorbachev Ksenia Virganskaya. Photo: RIA Novosti / Valery Levitin
In 2010, Anastasia, a graduate of the journalism faculty of MGIMO, and editor-in-chief of one of the online media, also tied the knot. Her chosen one was a PR specialist Dmitry Zangiev, at that time a graduate student of the Russian Academy of Civil Service under the President of the Russian Federation.
Granddaughter of Mikhail Gorbachev Anastasia Virganskaya. Photo: RIA Novosti / Ekaterina Chesnokova
Journalists noted that the weddings of Gorbachev's granddaughters were magnificent and on a grand scale and cost a tidy sum.
Recently, the names of Xenia and Anastasia have disappeared from the gossip column. Rumor has it that they focused on family concerns and lead a rather secluded life.