Garlic herb (garlic). Petiole spadefoot Petiole spadefoot

Petiole spadefoot

scientific classification
Kingdom:

Plants
Department:

flowering plants
Class:

Dicotyledonous
Order:

cabbage flowers
Family:

Cabbage
Genus:

spadeweed
View:

Petiole spadefoot
International scientific name

Alliaria petiolata(M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, 1913
View in taxonomic databases
CoL

Petiole spadefoot, or Garlic officinalis(lat. Alliaria petiolata, syn. Alliaria officinalis) is a herbaceous biennial plant of the cabbage family ( Brassicaceae).

Description

Top of a plant with flowers and fruits

Biennial herbaceous plant with a garlic odor. Stems erect, 25-120 cm high, solitary, glabrous, pubescent below with erect simple hairs, branched above. Leaves alternate, entire. The lower ones are long-petiolate, reniform, large notched-crenate, the middle and upper ones are ovate-heart-shaped, sharp-toothed, glabrous with short petioles.

The flowers are small, in a racemose inflorescence. Petals are white, 5-8 mm long; pedicels are short-pubescent; sepals narrowly ovate, pale green, petals entire, oblong-obovate with short claws. The fruits are cylindrical, 30-80 mm long, naked, tetrahedral, opening pods with a strongly protruding midrib. The legs of the fruit are thick, short, rejected. The seeds are numerous.

Chemical composition

The roots contain the thioglycoside sinegrin. Flavonoids, C-glycosides of apigenin, mustard oil 0.03-0.09% were found in the aerial part. Ascorbic acid, carotene, flavonoid alliaroside were found in leaves, flavonoids (apigenin monoglycosides and diglycosides) in pistils, anthers. The seeds contain mustard oil, thioglycoside sinigrin and 22-30% fatty oil, in its composition (in%): erucic 47, linoleic 22, oleic 7, linolenic 4, palmitic 4, eicosene 1, eicosadiene 0.8, stearic 0.4 , arachidic 0.4.

Spreading

The range covers almost all of Europe (except the Arctic), Central Asia, India, Pakistan, Nepal; introduced to North America. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part, in the Caucasus.

It is common in all natural and administrative regions of the Saratov Right Bank. In the Rtishchevo district, it was recorded in a wasteland in the center of the city of Rtishchevo.

Features of biology and ecology

It grows in forests, especially disturbed, in glades, along ravines, in parks and gardens, among shrubs.

Blossoms in May-June, bears fruit in June-July. Reproduction is predominantly seed, possibly vegetative.

Economic importance and application

In medicine

Leaves, seeds and grass (stems, leaves, flowers) are used for medicinal purposes.

It has antiscorbutic, diuretic, antiseptic, expectorant and antihelminthic effects.

Infusion of grass in Turkmenistan and the western regions of Ukraine, Russia is used as an antiscorbutic and anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, as well as for diarrhea, hemoptysis, ascites.

In France, an infusion of the herb is used as a stimulant and diuretic. An infusion of leaves in the Caucasus and Ukraine is prescribed for scurvy, bronchial asthma, diarrhea, colitis, enterocolitis, furunculosis, as an anthelmintic, in Belgium - for cancer and ulcers.

Crushed seeds are used for the preparation of mustard plasters, as well as in the form of an infusion for diarrhea, scurvy, bronchial asthma, as an anthelmintic, crushed leaves topically - for furunculosis, burns, bruises, cuts, ulcers.

In other areas

The seeds are also used to produce fatty oils. The roots, which have a garlic smell and a horseradish flavor, are used as a seasoning for salads with vinegar and oil instead of mustard and horseradish. The aerial part in France is used as a seasoning for soups and meat instead of garlic.

The internal use of spadefoot as a poisonous plant requires caution. The plant is poisonous to animals. The milk of goats and cows that ate it acquires a garlic smell and a pungent taste.

Literature

  • Dudchenko L. G. and others. Spicy-aromatic and spicy-tasting plants: a Handbook / L. G. Dudchenko, A. S. Koziakov, V. V. Krivenko. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1989. - S. 245-246
  • Elenevsky A. G., Radygina V. I., Bulany Yu. I. Plants of the Saratov Right Bank (compendium of flora). - Saratov: Sarat Publishing House. pedin-ta, 2000. - ISBN 5-87077-047-5. - p. 34
  • Lavrenova G. V., Lavrenov V. K. Encyclopedia of medicinal plants. Volume 2. - Donetsk: Donechchina, 1997. - S. 360-361
  • Flora of the USSR. Vol. VIII / ch. ed. acad. V. L. Komarov. - M., L.: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1939. - S. 31
  • Flora of Central Russia: Identifier Atlas / Kiseleva K. V., Maiorov S. R., Novikov V. S. Ed. prof. V. S. Novikov. - M.: CJSC "Fiton +", 2010. - S. 281

Medicinal spadefoot (Alliaria petiolata L).
Family Cruciferous (Cabbage).
Common names: Common spadefoot, petiole spadefoot, petiole spadefoot.

Garlic officinalis - A biennial herbaceous plant with a garlic odor.

Stems - pubescent below, solitary, 80 to 100 cm high.

The leaves are entire, alternate, the upper ones are heart-shaped oval with short petioles, the lower ones are long-petiolate, reniform.

Flowers - with 4 petals, white, small.

The fruits are tetrahedral, opening long pods.

Flowering time: May - June.

Spadefoot officinalis is found in Central Asia, the Caucasus, Belarus, Ukraine, and the European part of Russia.

It grows in gorges, among shrubs, in forests, in glades, on gravel slopes up to the high mountain belt.

In folk medicine, leaves, seeds and grass (flowers, leaves, stems) of plants are used for therapeutic purposes.

The plant is POISONOUS.

Garlic has antihelminthic, expectorant, antiseptic, diuretic, antiscorbutic action.

Infusion of grass in the western regions of Russia, Ukraine and Turkmenistan is used as an antiscorbutic and anthelmintic, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic, as well as for ascites, hemoptysis, diarrhea.

In France, an infusion of the herb is used as a diuretic and stimulant.

Infusion of leaves in Ukraine and the Caucasus is prescribed for furunculosis, enterocolitis, colitis, diarrhea, bronchial asthma, scurvy, as an anthelmintic, in Belgium - for cancer and ulcers.

Crushed seeds are used to prepare mustard plasters, as well as in the form of an infusion for bronchial asthma, scurvy, diarrhea, crushed leaves topically - for ulcers, cuts, bruises, burns, furunculosis.

The seeds are also used to produce fatty oils. The roots of spadefoot, which have a garlic smell and taste of horseradish, are used as a seasoning for salads with vinegar and oil instead of mustard and horseradish. The aerial part in France is used as a seasoning for soups and meat instead of garlic.

Mode of application.

♦ Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of dry chopped grass, leave for 1-2 hours and strain. Take 4-5 times a day for a tablespoon.

CONTRAINDICATION: Internal use of spadefoot as a POISONOUS plant requires caution.

Source: Lavrenova G. V., Lavrenov V. K. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants

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Do you want a riddle - a plant with the smell of garlic on the leaves, but not garlic ?! I'll give you a hint - the whole plant smells of garlic ... Not enough? The roots of the plant also smell like garlic, but taste like horseradish, and the leaves taste like mustard.

They didn’t remember ... well, nothing. This plant has been cultivated by people since the 17th century, which made it possible over time to notice not only its nutritional, but also medicinal properties, and as a result, it was given a lot of names - garlic mustard, wild garlic, garlic grass, medicinal garlic, pharmaceutical garlic, garlic petiolate.

Garlic-smelling plant - spadefoot is used as a seasoning for salads with oil and vinegar, instead of horseradish and mustard. Herb spadefoot is used as a seasoning for meat and soups instead of ordinary garlic cloves.

Description of the garlic plant.

Garlic medicinal - a plant with the smell of garlic, herbaceous, biennial, 80 - 100 cm high. It belongs to the cruciferous family. The stems of the medicinal plant are solitary, pubescent below. The leaves are whole, alternate, the upper ones are oval in the shape of a heart with short petioles, the lower ones are long, reniform. The flowers are white, small, with 4 petals. The fruits of spadefoot officinalis are tetrahedral, long, opening pods. Flowering of spadefoot is observed in May - June. Petiole spadefoot in Latin - Allearia petiolata.

Photo spadefoot officinalis.

Where does the garlic plant grow?

The plant is found in Belarus, in Ukraine, in the European part of Russia, in Central Asia, in the Caucasus. It grows in forests, glades, on gravel slopes of mountains up to the high mountain belt, among bushes in gorges.

Harvesting of the spadefoot officinalis.

Seeds, leaves, stems and flowers are harvested for treatment.

The chemical composition of spadefoot officinalis.

Thioglycoside sinigrin was found in the roots. The herb of the plant contains mustard oil, apegenin glycosides, flavonoids. Carotene, flavonoid alliaroside, ascorbic acid were found in leaves, flavonoids (apigenin diglycosides and monoglycosides) were found in anthers and pistils.

Thioglycoside sinigrin, mustard and fatty oils were found in the seeds. Which include: linoleic, erunic, linolenic, oleic, eicosenoic, palmitic, stearic and other acids.

Medicinal properties of spadefoot officinalis.

The spadefoot plant has antihelminthic, diuretic, antiscorbutic, expectorant and antiseptic effects.

The use of garlic cloves.

An aqueous infusion of the herb is used by folk medicine as an anthelmintic, expectorant, antiscorbutic, diaphoretic, diuretic, as well as for ascites, hemoptysis, and diarrhea. An aqueous infusion of the herb is used as a diuretic and stimulant. An aqueous infusion of the leaves is prescribed for bronchial asthma, scurvy, colitis, diarrhea, furunculosis, enterocolitis, as an anthelmintic, for ulcers and cancer.

The crushed seeds of the spadefoot are used for the manufacture of mustard plasters, from which fatty oil is obtained.

Powder of crushed leaves locally - for burns, furunculosis, cuts, bruises, ulcers.

Treatment with spadefoot officinalis.

Infusion of the herb spadefoot officinalis.

1 tsp dry crushed garlic grass, brew 200 ml of boiling water, soak for 2 hours, filter, use 1 tbsp. l. 4 p. in a day.

Contraindications of spadefoot officinalis.

When taking preparations of spadefoot - be careful, because this plant is poisonous.

Caroline

The generic name comes from the Latin word allium - onion, the specific from petiolus - leg, petiole, from the same language.

Other plant names:

garlic cloves, garlic cloves.

A brief description of garlic cloves:

Garlic medicinal (garlic) - This is a biennial herbaceous plant from 10 cm to 1 m tall, with a characteristic garlic smell. Stem erect, leafy, glabrous above, hairy below, with bluish bloom, branched above.

The leaves are alternate, entire, notched-toothed, the lower ones are basal, tussock-shaped, long-petiolate, crenate, the upper stem ones are short-petiolate and heart-shaped-oval, sharp-toothed. The flowers are small, bisexual, white, with four-membered calyces and corolla; stamens 6, pistil 1, ovary superior. Bracts are present only in the lower flowers. The fruits are long, tetrahedral, opening pods up to 7 cm long. Their length is several times greater than their width. Valves with a strongly prominent middle vein and two prominent lateral veins (3–8 cm long). The seeds are numerous.

An ancient Tertiary plant with the smell of garlic. The life cycle is biennial. In the first year, the development of a tap root system and a basal rosette of long-leaved kidney-shaped leaves takes place. In winter, part of the outlet spends under the snow in a green state. With the onset of the second spring in the life of the garlic plant, an erect stem 20–100 cm rises above the rosette.

Flowering from May to June, fruits ripen in July.

Places of growth:

It grows in the forest and black earth zones of the European part of Russia (except for Karelia), in the Caucasus and in Central Asia. It is especially widespread in the forest belt of the Main Caucasian Range, where it dominates in places in the grass cover. The forest plant is found mainly in humid habitats: in glades, in shady places, under the canopy of deciduous forests, along the banks of shallow reservoirs, streams and small rivers, among shrubs, along the bottoms of gorges, on gravel slopes up to a high mountain belt, in gardens, on well-moistened soils, sometimes forming small thickets.

Preparation of garlic:

Medicinal raw materials are leaves and seeds. Leaves are harvested during flowering, seeds - after they are fully ripe. The smell of garlic in the plant is lost after drying.

The chemical composition of garlic cloves:

Garlic leaves contain the glycoside sinigrin, which forms a sharp allyl oil, which gives the plant the smell of garlic, flavonoids (allyarozil), 100–120 mg% ascorbic acid, 10–12 mg% carotene. The pistils and anthers contain flavonoids (apigenin monoglycosides and diglycosides). Up to 30% fatty oil was found in the seeds (it contains acids: erunic, linoleic, oleic, linolenic, palmitic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, stearic, arachidic), 0.5–1% mustard oil, thioglycoside sinigrin. The roots contain the thioglycoside sinigrin.

All these active substances form the basis of the chemical composition of garlic cloves (spasmodic).

Pharmacological properties of garlic cloves:

Pharmacological properties of garlic are determined by its chemical composition.

Scientific medicine has not used garlic until now.

In folk medicine, the plant is used as a diuretic, expectorant, antiscorbutic, antihelminthic, antiseptic and anti-asthmatic agent.

Infusion of the aerial part of the plant is used as an antiscorbutic and anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant.

Infusion of grass in Turkmenistan and the western regions of Ukraine, Russia is used as an antiscorbutic and anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, as well as for diarrhea, hemoptysis, ascites. The medicinal use of garlic is due to the burning sensation that crushed seeds cause on the skin, that is, they are used instead of mustard plasters as an irritant. In addition, the garlic oil contained in the plant is a good bactericide.

In France, an infusion of the herb is used as a stimulant and diuretic.

The use of garlic in medicine, treatment with garlic:

With worms, bronchial asthma, for the treatment of ascites and diarrhea, an aqueous infusion of garlic is used.

With abscesses, ulcers, gangrene and cuts, gruel prepared from the leaves and an aqueous infusion in the form of an application help.

An infusion of leaves in the Caucasus and Ukraine is prescribed for scurvy, bronchial asthma, diarrhea, colitis, enterocolitis, furunculosis, as an anthelmintic, in Belgium - for cancer and ulcers.

Crushed seeds are used for the preparation of mustard plasters, as well as in the form of an infusion for diarrhea, scurvy, bronchial asthma, as an anthelmintic agent, crushed leaves topically - for furunculosis, burns, bruises, cuts, ulcers.

In the late 18th century, the plant was used to treat cancer.

Dosage forms, method of application and doses of medicinal garlic preparations:

From the leaves and seeds of garlic, effective medicines and forms used in the treatment of many diseases are made. Let's consider the main ones.

Infusion of leaves or seeds of garlic:

Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tsp. dry crushed leaves or seeds, insist in a sealed container in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, cool at room temperature for 45 minutes, strain. Take 1 tbsp. l. 4-5 times a day, 20-30 minutes before meals for diarrhea, and also as an anthelmintic.

Infusion of garlic leaves:

Brew 1 cup boiling water 2 tbsp. l. finely chopped leaves or 2 tsp. crushed garlic seeds, leave for 1 hour in a warm place, strain. Wash abscesses and purulent wounds that are difficult to heal.

garlic leaves:

Garlic contraindications officinalis:

The plant is poisonous. Caution should be exercised when using garlic preparations internally.

In case of poisoning, it is necessary to wash the stomach with an aqueous suspension of activated charcoal (30 g in 0.5–1.0 l of cool boiled water) or a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate. Further treatment is symptomatic.

The use of garlic on the farm:

The plant is considered quite a familiar wild vegetable, well known already in the literature of the 17th century. For food, the upper leafy part of the shoot is best before flowering, and later - only the leaves, while the stem becomes rigid. It is most interesting to serve salads and soups with the leaves of the plant during the period of spring beriberi. Garlic is a complete replacement for wild garlic. Salads are made from it. The leaves and stems are eaten in the same way as sverbigu, before the flowers bloom, while they are still tender. The British also cook garlic vegetable stew with lamb or fresh herring, various sauces. Roots dug out in autumn and leaves of the plant collected in spring are used as food. The British call it: garlic mustard. The roots, which have the smell and taste of horseradish, are sometimes used as a seasoning for salads, flavoring them with vinegar and oil. The aerial part of the plant is eaten instead of garlic as a spice. It should be remembered that people with inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract should limit the use of garlic.

Animals love this herb, but milk from cows takes on an orange hue and garlic flavor.

Petiole spadefoot, or petiole spadefoot (Alliaria petiolata) - a biennial plant 25-100 cm tall. Stems are erect, branched above, glabrous, with a bluish veil, covered with leaves. The lower leaves are almost heart-shaped, on long petioles, pointed; upper - triangular, notched-toothed. The flowers are white, small, 4-7 mm long, collected in dense racemes, which elongate with the blooming of the flowers. The fruits are naked, long, thin pods on short thick legs. Blooms in April - June. It grows like a weed on loose soils in deciduous forests, shrubs, gardens, in shady places throughout Ukraine, in the Crimea - only in the mountains.

The specific garlic aroma of the plant is due to the presence of mustard oil in it. The leaves contain proteins, carbohydrates, mineral elements, vitamin C, carotene. That is why they are used as salad greens. To this end, in France, the plant is grown in culture. The grain has a particularly spicy taste, which contains about 30% mustard oil. In some countries, the plant is a substitute for mustard. Dangerous for animals. If an animal consumes this plant, its milk acquires a garlic aroma and acrid taste, and becomes unfit for consumption.

Origin of the name garlic

The Latin name of the genus comes from the Celtic word for "burning" (the crushed leaves of the plant are burning in taste). The specific name in translation from Latin is "petiolate". Ukrainian and Russian names associated with the taste of the plant. Pedunculate garlic grows in areas where it is constantly quite humid. The plant is almost hairless, the leaves are large, not thick and soft. A plucked plant wilts instantly.

How the plant is used in cooking

Spade leaves are used in salads and as a spice.

On the territory of the Caucasus, salads are made from leaves and roots and cabbage soup is cooked. The seeds are used to make oil.

Stews, sauces and mustard from this plant are very popular in England.

Harvesting a plant for medicinal purposes

For the treatment of various diseases, leaves and seeds of garlic are used.

The leaves are plucked in May, and the seeds in July. Leaves are harvested on a clear day without precipitation, preferably without petioles (slow down the drying process of the leaves).

Fruiting inflorescences are used for harvesting seeds. The inflorescences are tied into bunches, and placed in a dry, ventilated, dark place. The grains are threshed after drying.

The use of the plant in traditional medicine

This plant is used for asthma, diarrhea and as an anthelmintic. In some cases, I use spadefoot as a kind of mustard plaster.

Who shouldn't take it?

Use for treatment is prohibited for patients with chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines, with inflammatory processes of the liver and kidneys. Not recommended for pregnant and lactating mothers.

It is worth remembering that the use of large quantities of this plant is dangerous to health.