The presentation on the knowledge of the surrounding world was prepared and conducted by: educator of the 1st qualification category Bogdanova Zoya Aleksandrovna
JOURNEY TO THE TUNDRA
Purpose: to acquaint children with the peculiarities of the natural conditions of the tundra; to form in them elementary ideas about the relationships and interaction of living organisms with the environment; develop the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, establish the simplest cause-and-effect relationships; consolidate the ability to comply with safety rules in unfamiliar places in winter.
1. Journey to the tundra.
2. Seasons. 3. Permafrost. Swamps of the tundra. 4. Plant world.
5. Animal world. 6. Insects.
8. Generalization. Adaptation of animals and plants to tundra conditions.
Airplane flight above the clouds.
JOURNEY TO THE TUNDRA
The tundra is full of beautiful tenderness,
Tundra - what power is given to it,
Tundra - your spaces have no boundaries,
Tundra - herds of deer, flocks of birds.
Light shadows quickly flicker - In winter, deer rush along the tundra. They will not stop even for a minute, Their feet are fast, their ears are sensitive. Oh, how beautiful deer look! The frosty air of their hearts intoxicates them. They are happy with the white, spacious country, The wide rivers are not a barrier to them - The deer rush forward and forward, The Snow Queen calls them!
SEASONS
Winter is long and cold, lasting 8 months.
In the tundra reign: snow, blizzard and blizzards, strong winds, frost up to 50 degrees, permafrost.
Summer is short and cool, there are frosts. In the tundra there is no clear line between spring and summer, summer and autumn.
Very strong winds constantly blow in the tundra. A blizzard rages for weeks. Winds blow snow from hills into hollows, river valleys, and the bare ground freezes heavily. The air is always saturated with moisture.
permafrost layer
Permafrost does not let rain and melt water to the depth. And from the soil surface, water evaporates slowly due to low air temperature. Therefore, there are a lot of swamps and lakes in the tundra, and the soil is moist.
PERMAFROST
Summer is very short and cool. During a short summer, the surface of the tundra thaws about 50 cm deep, and below (almost
500 m) lies a layer of permafrost that never thaws.
The tundra is very beautiful in spring. Quickly, as if by the wave of a magic wand, everything comes to life. Many plants are in a hurry to bloom, form fruits and seeds. After all, in three months the snow will cover the earth again.
dwarf willow
dwarf birch
Trees are undersized - only 5-7 cm
VEGETABLE WORLD
Tundra flowers are modest and not spoiled by the sun, waiting patiently for a long time for a short summer to bloom for only 1-2 months.
Cotton grass (cotton grass) is a very characteristic plant for this zone. Indeed, it is a herb with a fine white fiber tassel.
polar poppy
blueberry
cowberry
tundra berries
Of the berries in a short summer, only blueberries, lingonberries and cloudberries have time to ripen. But these berries are very large, much larger than in our area.
Grasses cannot rise high above the ground: they are bent down by a strong wind, and they spread along the ground. But the most common are lichens and mosses.
These animals
permanently live in the tundra
WOLF
LEMMING
FOX
POLAR OWL
REINDEER
WHITE PARTRIDGE
ANIMAL WORLD
Reindeer are the largest herbivores. They have thick fur and wide cloven hooves. They live in large herds. These are the only deer whose females have antlers.
Reindeer
In summer, deer feed on grass, especially willingly eat plants such as cotton grass, horsetail, sedge, legumes, sorrel, often feed on willow leaves for a long time, look for mushrooms. After the formation of a snow cover, the deer switch to feeding on reindeer moss.
Lemming is a polar vole with a short tail. Its body length is about 15 cm. They feed on plant food, herbs and shrubs, as well as mushrooms and lichens.
Lemming is a small animal, Not a mouse, not a ferret. Although a red-haired barrel, Yet he is not a hamster. He lives in the tundra all year round, There he digs an underground passage. He builds a house under the snow, There are many rooms in that house.
The deer are followed by wolves who prey on sick animals that have strayed from the herd of animals.
The arctic fox feeds on a wide variety of foods, but its main prey is lemmings.
During a blizzard, Arctic foxes dig holes in the snow and sometimes do not leave them for several days in a row.
white partridge
snowy owl
The partridge feeds almost exclusively on plant foods - buds, catkins, berries, leaves and other parts of plants.
The winter plumage of partridges is white.
The main prey of owls are lemmings.
Large waterfowl: swans, geese, ducks feed on plants and insects that fly to the tundra in the summer.
They breed offspring in the tundra and then flock in thousands of flocks to the south, to warm countries.
Among the smallest birds, the most noticeable are "polar sparrows" - snow bunting, as well as various sandpipers living in numerous flocks.
In summer, birds feed mainly on insects, in winter - exclusively on seeds and grains.
In summer, there are a lot of mosquitoes, midges, northern bumblebees in the tundra.
Where there are large
herds of deer are many horseflies and gadflies.
northern
INSECTS
Insects swarm in the air. This is a real disaster for people and large animals.
In the tundra in spring and autumn, one can observe the aurora in the form of a general rapidly changing glow of the sky or moving rays, stripes, crowns, "curtains". The duration of auroras ranges from tens of minutes to several days.
Adaptation of animals to tundra conditions:
The white color of the fur of animals and the plumage of birds in winter, only for a short time - in summer, is replaced by motley.
Accumulation of a layer of subcutaneous fat.
Thick fur in animals, warm fluff in birds.
- Warming limbs for the winter:
arctic foxes have warm insoles, birds have pubescent legs.
Hibernation.
seasonal migrations.
Adaptation of plants to tundra conditions:
- Plants perennial, dwarf;
- Small leaves are folded and have a waxy coating;
- Plant roots are located close to the surface;
- Many plants tolerate frost;
- The bright colors of the flowers attract insects.
Tundra of Russia
Completed by a student of grade 8A Polina Nemchinova
The word "tundra" comes from "tunturi", which in Sami means "hills" - low peaks that are not covered with forest.
Geographical position
The tundra zone occupies the coast of the Arctic Ocean from the western border to the Bering Strait and some islands (Kolguev, Vaigach, Wrangel). In the south, the tundra in places reaches the Arctic Circle. The zone reaches its greatest length from north to south in Western and Central Siberia. This zone occupies almost 1/5 of the territory of Russia.
The surface of the tundra is an endless plain with numerous rivers, lakes and swamps. In some places it is crossed by rocky ridges or interrupted by hills.
Climate Tundra
Tundra is the realm of cold, snow, piercing wind, permafrost, snowstorms and snowstorms. Winter here is long and cold. The thickness of the snow cover is from 30 to 40 cm, and in some places up to 50 cm. The snow is dry, free-flowing, blown away by the wind from some areas and accumulates in others. During the cold period, the tundra seems to be a lifeless bare desert. Frequent frosts, reaching up to 50 ° C, strong cold winds, turning into snow storms. The warm period in the tundra is short. No more than two or three weeks lasts a time that can rightly be called summer. At this time, the weather is warm, often sunny, and the air temperature reaches + 20 ... + 25ºС on the warmest days. But the average July temperature is +5…+10ºС.
Due to the low air temperature, evaporation is very low and therefore an insignificant amount of moisture enters the atmosphere. As a result, the average annual precipitation reaches only 200-300 mm. In this respect, the tundra is similar to the desert. True, it often rains in the tundra, but it is only drizzling. There is a lot of water in the tundra, a high degree of soil and air moisture. Large areas are occupied by swamps. The abundance of moisture is the result of low evaporation. What is determined by the lack of heat (K> 1, 5). The tundra is literally dotted with shallow and small lakes. In places of deeper thawing, shallow basins filled with water appear.
Tundra soils
The soil does not have time to warm up over a short summer, and at a depth of 1.52 m a layer of permafrost remains in it, the level of which decreases along the river valleys. The soils of the tundra are thin, tundra-gley and peaty, they are infertile. Frozen soils with a thin active layer are widespread here.
Vegetable world
The hosts in the tundra are mosses and lichens, inconspicuous and very hardy. Berry shrubs are abundant: lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, cloudberries, princesses, cranberries, etc. The bulk of flowering plants in the tundra are shrubs, shrubs and perennial herbs. Along the banks of numerous streams, rivers, deep puddles and lakes, thickets of low-growing shrubs are concentrated: dwarf birch, polar willow, alder and aspen, the trunks and branches of which are negligible and rather look like grass stalks.