"Planet Uranus" - Giant canyons several kilometers deep. The rings of Uranus were accidentally discovered in 1977. Uranus' moons Oberon and Titania are very similar to each other. Giant planets. The major moons of Uranus are Titania, Oberon, Ariel, Umbriel. Data from Voyager 2. Uranus is barely visible to the naked eye.
"Mercury" - Research. Physical characteristics. Mercury is the first from the Sun, the innermost and smallest planet. Planet movement. Content. Mercury. Surface. Interesting Facts. Atmosphere and physical fields. Notes.
"Planet Pluto" - Club of dwarfs. New classification of celestial bodies. Pluto. General information. Major discoveries. Criteria. Pluto is a planet. Temperature. History of Pluto. Attack on Pluto. Pluto is stripped of its planet title. Map of the surface of Pluto.
"System of planets" - The rings of Saturn are formed by ice floes and stones. Rings. Pluto. The eighth planet from the Sun. Tiny cold planet. Satellite of Jupiter. Rings of Saturn. Comparative sizes. Test your knowledge. Twin planets. Dimensions of Jupiter and Earth. Planets. Jupiter. Saturn. Neptune. The largest planet. Uranus.
"Parade of planets" - Study of the processes occurring on the sun. Influence of the parade of planets on electromagnetic fields. Influence of an external electromagnetic field. The Maya called December 21, 2012 "the end of days." Parade of planets. The motion of the solar system relative to the plane of the galaxy. Possible reactions of planet Earth to the upcoming parade of planets.
"Pluto Explorations" - Opinions of scientists. satellite carrier. Satellite of Pluto. Spaceship. Information about Pluto. Planet Pluto and its satellite Charon. Analysis of scientific literature. Lecture "Creating a portfolio of project work." Planet Pluto. The technical condition of the apparatus. The creative and productive thinking of a junior schoolchild has been implemented.
- Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, is difficult to study because it is mostly lost in its rays. Therefore, the initial ideas about Mercury were largely erroneous.
- It is named after the Roman god Mercury, who was considered the messenger of the gods and was the fastest in the world. The most famous attribute is his winged sandals and a golden rod in his hand.
- Pictures of the space probe "Mariner-10" 1974-1975. showed that the surface of the planet is similar to the moon
- Moon is on the right
Mercury is on the left.
- When Mercury is seen in the sky away from the Sun, then through a telescope, it appears as the Moon in the first or last quarter, i.e. like a semicircle.
- All of Mercury is pitted with the same craters. Like the moon, and just as thick.
- By decision of the International Astronomical Union, craters on Mercury are named after cultural figures: writers, poets, artists, sculptors, composers. / Beethoven, Tolstoy, Shakespeare, Dostoevsky /
- Unlike the Moon, Mercury is characterized by scarps.
- Escarps are long ledges, similar to cliffs, but up to 3 km high.
General information about Mercury.
- The period of revolution of Mercury around the axis in relation to the stars is about 59 days!
- The temperature of the surface of the side of the planet, turned to the star, reaches + 427 ° С
- Due to the lack of an atmosphere, the surface in the shade quickly cools down to -173°C on the night side. .
- The average density of Mercury is 5.4 g/cm
General information about Mercury.
- The mass of Mercury is almost 20 times less than the mass of the Earth.
- Mercury is even smaller than some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn.
- Mercury has no natural satellites.
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Planet of the solar system Mercury Completed by: Surmey Ya. Checked by: Maksimenko A.V.
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Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun in the Solar System, orbiting the Sun in 88 days. Mercury is an inner planet because its orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth's.
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History and name The oldest evidence for the observation of Mercury can be found in Sumerian cuneiform texts dating back to the third millennium BC. e. The planet is named after the god of the Roman pantheon Mercury, an analogue of the Greek Hermes and the Babylonian Naboo. The ancient Greeks of the time of Hesiod called Mercury "Στίλβων" (Stilbon, Brilliant). Until the 5th century BC e. the Greeks believed that Mercury, visible in the evening and morning sky, are two different objects. In ancient India, Mercury was called Buddha (ब ध) and Roginea. In Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and Korean, Mercury is called the Water Star (水星) (in accordance with the concept of the "Five Elements". In Hebrew, the name of Mercury sounds like "Koha in Hama" (כוכב חמה) ("Solar planet").
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Physical Characteristics Mercury is the smallest terrestrial planet. Its radius is only 2439.7 ± 1.0 km, which is less than the radius of Jupiter's moon Ganymede and Saturn's moon Titan. The mass of the planet is 3.3 × 1023 kg. The average density of Mercury is quite high - 5.43 g / cm³, which is only slightly less than the density of the Earth. Considering that the Earth is larger in size, the value of the density of Mercury indicates an increased content of metals in its bowels. The free fall acceleration on Mercury is 3.70 m/s². The second space velocity is 4.3 km/s. Comparative sizes of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
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Orbital characteristics of Aphelion 69,816,927 km 0.46669733 AU e. Perihelion 46,001,210 km 0.30749909 a. e. Semi-major axis 57,909,068 km 0.38709821 a. e. Orbital eccentricity 0.20530294 Sidereal period 87.969 days Synodic period 115.88 days Orbital velocity 47.87 km/s Mean anomaly 174.795884° Inclination 3.38° (relative to the solar equator) Ascending node longitude 48.330541° Periapsis argument 29.124279° No satellites
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Physical Specifications Compression< 0,0006 Средний радиус 2439,7 ± 1,0 км Площадь поверхности 7,48×107 км² 0,108 Земных. Объём 6,083×1010 км³ 0,054 Земных Масса 3,3022×1023 кг 0,055 Земных Средняя плотность 5,427 г/см³ Ускорение свободного падения на экваторе 3,7 м/с² 0,38 g Вторая космическая скорость 4,25 км/с Скорость вращения (на экваторе) 10,892 км/ч Период вращения 58,646 дней (1407,5 часов) Наклон оси вращения 0,01° Прямое восхождение на северном полюсе 18 ч 44 мин 2 с 281.01° Склонение на северном полюсе 61,45° Альбедо 0,119 (Бонд) 0,106 (геом. альбедо)
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Surface The surface of Mercury in many ways resembles the moon - it is dotted with many craters. The density of craters varies in different areas. It is assumed that the more densely cratered areas are older, and the less densely dotted areas are younger, formed when the old surface was flooded with lava. At the same time, large craters are less common on Mercury than on the Moon. The largest crater on Mercury is named after the great German composer Beethoven, its diameter is 625 km. However, the similarity is incomplete - on Mercury, formations are visible that are not found on the Moon. An important difference between the mountainous landscapes of Mercury and the Moon is the presence on Mercury of numerous jagged slopes stretching for hundreds of kilometers - scarps. The study of their structure showed that they were formed during the compression that accompanied the cooling of the planet, as a result of which the surface of Mercury decreased by 1%. The presence of well-preserved large craters on the surface of Mercury suggests that over the past 3-4 billion years there has not been a large-scale movement of sections of the crust, and there was no surface erosion, the latter almost completely excludes the possibility of the existence of any significant atmosphere. The surface resembles the moon (photo MESSENGER)
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The terrestrial planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
According to their physical characteristics, the planets of the solar system are divided into
terrestrial planets and giant planets
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General characteristics of the dynamic properties of the terrestrial planets
General characteristics of the terrestrial planets
The similarity of the terrestrial planets does not exclude a significant
differences in weight, size and other characteristics
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MERCURY
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Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
When the Mariner 10 spacecraft transmitted the first
close-up images of Mercury, astronomers
threw up their hands: in front of them was the second moon!
Mercury is very similar to the Moon. In the history of both celestial bodies
there was a period when lava flowed to the surface in streams.
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Mercury is located close to the Sun.
The maximum elongation of Mercury is only 28 degrees,
therefore it is very difficult to observe.
The best photos of Mercury from Earth
Transit of Mercury across the solar disk
Slide 7
Comparative sizes of Mercury and other celestial bodies
Mercury is comparable in size to large
satellites of other planets in the solar system
Slide 8
The surface of Mercury in photographs taken from a close
distances, replete with craters (photographs of the Mariner-10 spacecraft)
Degas crater
Copley crater
Surface of Mercury
computer processing
photographs of the surface of Mercury
Slide 9
There are fewer dark formations - seas - on Mercury than on the Moon
Computer processing of photographs of the surface of Mercury from AMS "Mariner-10".
The light bar at the top means that there are no photographs of this area.
Slide 10
There are many craters on the surface of Mercury.
Surface area of the Northern Hemisphere
Mercury is about 500 km wide
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Huge Kaloris pool (left),
reaching a diameter of 1300 km,
has a strong resemblance to circular
seas on the moon.
It probably formed as a result
Mercury colliding with
celestial body at an early stage
geological history of Mercury.
The pool is the result of an expiration
lava from the bowels of the planet after the collision.
Smooth, rounded plains have been found on the surface of the planet,
received the name of the pools by similarity with the lunar "seas".
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Mercury makes two revolutions around the Sun in the same time it takes to turn around its axis three times.
A solar day on Mercury lasts 176 Earth days.
those. Exactly 2 Mercurial years.
Mercury's average orbital speed is 47.9 km/s.
Rapidly rushing in orbit, Mercury lazily turns around its axis.
Day and night last for 88 days, i.e. equal to the year of the planet.
earth years and months
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The axis of rotation of Mercury is almost perpendicular to the plane of the orbit.
The change of seasons on Mercury is not due to the tilt of the axis,
but by changing the distance to the sun.
Slide 14
The chemical composition of the atmosphere of Mercury
Data on the atmosphere of Mercury indicates only its strong rarefaction.
The pressure at the surface of the planet is 500 billion times less than at the surface of the Earth (this is less than in modern vacuum installations on Earth).
Mercury is located very close to the Sun and captures the solar wind with its gravity.
A helium atom captured by Mercury stays in the atmosphere for an average of 200 days.
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Mercury has a weak magnetic field
discovered by the Mariner 10 spacecraft.
The radius of the core is 1800 km (75% of the radius of the planet).
High density and presence
magnetic fields show that Mercury must have
dense metal core.
The core accounts for
80% of the mass of Mercury.
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Surface temperature in
the polar regions of Mercury, which the Sun never illuminates, can stay around -210 ° C.
Possibly water ice.
Maximum temperature
surface of Mercury
registered by sensors, + 410 °С.
temperature fluctuations
on the day side
because of the change of seasons,
caused by orbital elongation,
reach 100 °C.
View all slides
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Mercury is the first from the Sun, the innermost and smallest planet in the solar system, revolving around the Sun in 88 days. Mercury's apparent magnitude ranges from −2.0 to 5.5, but is not easy to see due to its very small angular distance from the Sun (maximum 28.3°).
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Planet movement
physical characteristics
Surface
Atmosphere and physical fields
Research
Interesting Facts
Notes
Literature
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Planet movement.
Mercury moves around the Sun in a rather strongly elongated elliptical orbit (eccentricity 0.205) at an average distance of 57.91 million km (0.387 AU). At perihelion, Mercury is 45.9 million km from the Sun, at aphelion - 69.7 million km. The inclination of the orbit to the plane of the ecliptic is 7°. Mercury spends 87.97 days per orbit. The average speed of the planet in orbit is 48 km/s. A sidereal day is equal to 58.65 Earth days, that is, 2/3 of a Mercury year. Such a commensurability of the periods of rotation and revolution of Mercury is a unique phenomenon for the solar system.
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Physical characteristics.
Mercury is the smallest terrestrial planet. Its radius is only 2439.7 ± 1.0 km.
The mass of the planet is 3.3 × 1023 kg.
The average density of Mercury is -5.43 g / cm³,
The free fall acceleration on Mercury is 3.70 m/s².
The second space velocity is 4.3 km/s.
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Surface.
The surface of Mercury is in many ways reminiscent of the moon - it is dotted with many craters.
The largest crater on Mercury is named after the great German composer Beethoven, its diameter is 625 km.
Slide 7
Atmosphere and physical fields.
The planet has an extremely rarefied atmosphere, the pressure of which is 5 × 1011 times less than the pressure of the earth's atmosphere. Under such conditions, atoms collide with the surface of the planet more often than with each other.
Mercury has a magnetic field, the strength of which is 300 times less than the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.
Slide 8
Research.
Mercury is the least explored terrestrial planet. Only two vehicles were sent for his research. The first was "Mariner-10", which in 1974-1975. flew past Mercury three times; the maximum approach was 320 km. As a result, several thousand images were obtained, covering approximately 45% of the planet's surface. Further studies from Earth showed the possibility of the existence of water ice in polar craters.
Slide 9
Mercury is the fastest planet in the solar system, it moves in orbit around the sun at an average speed of 47.87 km / s, which is almost 2 times the speed of the Earth.
Mercury is a rather difficult object to observe at high latitudes of the Earth due to the fact that it is always observed at dawn - morning or evening - against the twilight sky, and quite low above the horizon (especially in northern latitudes), and the period of its best visibility ( elongation) - occurs several times a year (lasting about 10 days).